Criminology Sex and Crime

Definition Consent alludes to consistence or a consent to do a specific activity in the wake of taking part in an attentive thinking accomplished subsequent to thinking about different factors in presence. The term assent additionally can allude to a grant or affirmed set of activities went before by a cautious impression of the same.Advertising We will compose a custom examination paper test on Criminology: Sex and Crime explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consent can be either suggested or communicated. In suggested assent, the utilization of verbal articulations doesn't happen yet rather derived from the activities and the circumstances in presence at that specific time. Then again, communicated assent is enunciated either through composed, verbal or nonverbal correspondence in a reasonable and justifiable way. Educated assent is regularly utilized or applied in law regarding the sort of the assent given by an individual and has should satisfy certain specified guidelines. In this way, an educated assent is the sort of assent given by an individual unmistakably knowing the future repercussion, outcomes, realities or ramifications of the activities in question. Along these lines, before an individual gives assent, there is have to have the real factors close by so as to stay away from any future arraignments or allegation as it would even prompt detainment. As per the criminal equity framework, educated assent suggests an understanding between two gatherings to permit something to occur or to accomplish something having full information on its significant or important realities, information on the dangers or some other choices included (Ehrlich 2002, p.6). Along these lines, it goes for a wrongdoing that adds up to allegation when demonstrated that an individual followed up on an issue knowing the repercussions. Criminal equity framework has the duty of guaranteeing that the regular people or the general public exists together well with no concerns and abuses from lawbreakers. Criminal equity framework has three fundamental zones of capacity (DiQuinzio Young 1997, p.54).Advertising Looking for research paper on criminology? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These incorporate law requirement duties, mediation in the courts and guaranteeing amendments to the guilty parties by detaining, imprisoning or putting the culprit waiting on the post trial process. Along these lines, with regards to rape, agree alludes to the willful understandings of two gatherings to en and authority of prompting to participate in sexual movement without understanding adds up to nonappearance of assent and the charged when sued is subject for provocation. Hence, an ambush adds up to infringement of an individual sexual honesty going for an offense under the law. Society and assent Consent is an idea seen and seen uniquely in contrast to different points of view by the general public. Var ious elements extending from customary convictions, topographical areas and qualities assume a key job on how society take sees on what assent involves. A genuine guide to represent this is the way various social orders complete standard laws and conventional cases (Daly 1994, p.78). Different guides to represent this are in the territory of clinical wellbeing where the general public respects the choice of a specialist as the last one. Moreover, the majority of the choices that patients comes to appears to be founded on what the specialist tells the patient. Along these lines, in conditions where patients settle on choices dependent on the data gave by the specialists, it might prompt wrong dynamic. In this manner, there is by all accounts occurrences where the general public neglects different people’s choices as the managing ones. Despite the fact that in certain events, this lopsidedness extends an absence of assent, a few social orders never discover an issue with it. In this way, on account of clinical wellbeing, it requires an equivalent sharing and investment of the considerable number of gatherings on issues relating to the organization of clinical administrations all together for the entire gatherings to be fought with the results of their past understandings or approvals.Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on Criminology: Sex and Crime explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The general public has a wide scope of data outlets: it relies upon illuminating up its positions and contemplated assent. The most depended manner by which the general public gets illuminated about assent is through the media. TV, radio and web have given an interval to the general public by guaranteeing that the individuals stay educated and refreshed concerning different issues identifying with issues confronting them. Rape cases and misuses submitted over the globe get the opportunity to reach to the general public through the me dia (Howe 1997, p.90). The decision on a portion of these cases presents a discussion in the general public as a portion of the decisions contradict the convictions and the sentiment of the general public. Thusly, the most endless supply of bestowing information in the open space is the media. Besides, there have been an ever-rising number of nongovernmental associations and common gatherings, all of which accept the front line in battling and campaigning the general public about issues of wrongdoings especially those influencing little youngsters and ladies. These gatherings utilize various methodologies planned for teaching people in general on the repercussions and the effects that will occur for on any one attacking or enjoying any sexual action without the cones of the other party (Cornell, 1998, p.54). These gatherings have likewise helped in indictment of the guilty parties by supporting cases and giving proof in the courts and introducing. In this manner, these gatherings ha ve additionally given mindfulness in the general public and empowered the individuals from network to report any rates promptly they happen. Besides, they have given data and guided the general public on the best way to abstain from enjoying such criminal offenses. Henceforth, these activation and battles by these gatherings has done a great deal in guaranteeing that the general public knows its rights.Advertising Searching for research paper on criminology? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Various perspectives radiating from either the media or any another body may not be correct essentially, as they may appear (Howe 1995, p.65). Every media, which goes about as a connection between the cases and the general public, gets their own perspectives about the cases. Media includes some critique that may not be the genuine data, which may have settled on. On assent, society has a fluctuated point of view with regards to violations identifying with sexuality as some have their own qualities and convictions, which the criminal equity framework doesn't consent to. Such distinction in conclusions raises numerous questions. Be that as it may, to settle this, national law in the constitution abrogates these different cases. Cases, which have raised discussion, incorporate those situations where the grown-up ambushes offspring of youthful age. Sex and assent Many social orders far and wide have their own discernment on the sexual orientation particularly on assent and womanliness. T here exists various issues that encompasses this idea on how female or womanliness see assent. Female sex has griped more than once of neglect in numerous issues like in financial aspects, and household matters. They have kept on battling for what they term ‘equality† in term of social grounds and all segments of economy (Cavender, Bond, Jurik 1999, p.650).These battles represent how the general public dismisses the situation of female in the public arena and particularly in male concerning dynamic. A significant number of the savagery cases revealed in different areas a higher number of them are against ladies and little youngsters. These has been a conceived of disagreeable for the requirement for drawing in them or including them in key dynamic so as get their assent. On numerous events, ladies have grumbled of not having a voice even in their relationships as men rule with regards to settling on choices in regards to their matrimonial rights. Be that as it may, this pattern is changing with time as various laws and constitution set up perceive the privileges of each individual in the general public. Regardless of the progressions, there are still many individuals who ignore the way that ladies ought to have a state in key issues relating to the everyday lives. The contentions on the rivals of ladies looking for rights to have a state is that, there are sure errands or exercises that even (Harris 2000, p.780) the male high and mighty has kept on denying the females a chance to express their genuine thoughts. A decent case was that of Karen Ellis, a female instructor who was in a sexual relationship with her understudy matured 15 years. For this situation, the court diminished the sentence of the blamed for just 22 months for the charges that confronted her. On his decision, the adjudicator considered the sentiment of the safeguard about the blamed along these lines permitting â€Å"†¦a degree for leniency in his sentence†¦ the letter said†¦he will be influenced if the educator goes to jail and sentenced† (Chan Rigakos 2002, P.750). What's more, that she was the one started the relationship and it didn't influence her in at any rate. The safeguard, a 15-year understudy had composed a letter communicating his inclination about the educator, which saw the appointed authority expand or decrease the length (Belknap 1996, p.34). Besides, the appointed authority refered to that the educator had acknowledged the charges. Thusly, her notoriety appeared to be presented to devastation in this way inviting no motivation to put her in the slammer for quite a while. General society, who named it as a breathing space to empower rape since they felt that the time of detainment was negligible gotten this decision adversely. They asserted that it was sufficient method of making society change as culprits face less charge. Along these lines, for this situation, agree appeared to assume a basic job according to decide th rough the introduction of the boys’ letter. Notwithstanding detainment of the educator, the kid confessed to have started the relationship and accordingly he was not at all influenced mental

Electricity Essays - Deists, General Electric, Telegraphy

Power Essays - Deists, General Electric, Telegraphy Power The present logical inquiry is: What on the planet is power? Furthermore, where does it follow it leaves the toaster? (Hughes) Here is a straightforward test that will show you a significant electrical exercise: On a cool, dry day, scrape your feet along a floor covering, at that point venture your hand into a companion's mouth and contact one of his dental fillings. Did you notice how your companion jerked savagely and shouted out in torment? This instructs us that power can be an exceptionally amazing power, however we should never utilize it to hurt others except if we have to become familiar with a significant electrical exercise. (Ronald A. Anderson) It likewise shows us how an electrical circuit functions. At the point when you scraped your feet, you got clusters of electrons, which are extremely little items that cover producers mesh into cover with the goal that they will pull in earth. The electrons travel through your circulation system and gather in your finger, where they structure a flash that jumps to your companion's filling, at that point head out down to his feet and go into the floor covering, along these lines finishing the circuit. (Celebrate in the Lord) Astonishing ELECTRONIC FACT: If you scraped your feet long enough without contacting anything, you would develop such a large number of electrons that your finger would detonate! Be that as it may, this is nothing to stress over except if you have covering. (Helps Awareness) Despite the fact that we present day people will in general take our electric lights, radios, blenders, and so forth for without a doubt, several years prior individuals didn't have any of these things, which is similarly too in light of the fact that there was no spot to connect them. At that point along came the primary Electrical Pioneer, Benjamin Franklin, who flew a kite in a lightning storm and got a genuine electrical stun. This demonstrated lightning was fueled by a similar power as rugs, however it likewise harmed Franklin's mind so seriously that he began talking just in vast proverbs, for example, better to save up for a rainy day. Eventually he must be given work running the mail station. After Franklin came a crowd of Electrical Pioneers whose names have become some portion of our electrical wording: Myron Volt, Mary Louise Amp, James Watt, Bob Transformer, and so on. These pioneers led numerous significant electrical examinations. Among them, Galvani found (this is reality) that when he connected two various types of metal to the leg of a frog, an electrical flow created and the frog's leg kicked, despite the fact that it was not, at this point appended to the frog, which was dead at any rate. Galvani's revelation prompted huge advances in the field of land and water proficient medication. Today, talented veterinary specialists can pay attention to a frog that has been harmed or killed, embed bits of metal in its muscles, and watch it jump again into the lake where it sinks like a stone. In any case, the best Electrical Pioneer of them everything was Thomas Edison, who was a splendid innovator in spite of the way that he had minimal proper instruction and lived in New Jersey. Edison's first significant creation in quite a while the phonograph, which could before long be found in a large number of American homes, where it fundamentally sat until 1923, when the record was imagined. Be that as it may, Edison's most prominent accomplishment came in 1879 when he created the electric organization. Edison's structure was a splendid adjustment of the straightforward electrical circuit: the electric organization sends power through a wire to a client, at that point quickly recovers the power through another wire, at that point (this is the splendid part) sends it directly back to the client once more. This implies an electric organization can sell a client a similar bunch of power a huge number of times each day and never get captured, since not very many clients set aside the effort to look at their power intently. Truth be told, the most recent year any new power was created was 1937. Today, because of men like Edison and Franklin, and frogs like Galvani's, we get practically boundless advantages from power. For instance, in the previous decade researchers have built up the laser, an electronic apparatus so ground-breaking that it can disintegrate a piece of machinery 2000 yards away, yet so exact that specialists can utilize it to perform fragile tasks to the human eyeball, if they make sure to change the force setting from Piece of machinery to Eyeball. From Diary of Irreproducible Results

Procrastination For Finals

Procrastination For Finals My last assignment for the semester was turned in on Tuesday, and basically three finals stand between between me and the summer! (i have them on Tuesday, Wednesday, AND Thursday morning). So to procrastinate on studying for finals, I cooked dinner instead today. =p (it didnt really take that long; i dont usually cook dinner during term just because im too lazy when theres a lot of assignments and exams i really only cook about 3 times in one semester) Mushroom Risotto! (serves two) 1 cup arborio rice (this kind of rice is sticker and fatter than normal rice to get the consistency you see in risotto) 1/3 can of beef stock (in retrospect, it might have been better to use vegetable stock because beef stock is kind of thick) 1/2 can of water 1/3 of one onion, chopped into small pieces 4 cloves of garlic, crushed one box of mushrooms box of roast beef from supermarket deli some fresh thyme some olive oil/butter salt and pepper to taste 1. Wash the rice once with cold water, and place in small saucepan. 2. Add beef stock and water to rice. 3. Place rice on the stove on high heat, without lid, until the water boils. 4. Adjust the heat to simmer, and cover the saucepan with a lid. Cook until you can see that most of the water has been absorbed into the rice (takes about 15-20 minutes) 5. In the meantime, sautv © the onion and the garlic with olive oil (or butter), until they turn golden brown (and smells really good). 6. Add in the mushrooms once the aroma from the onion and garlic has developed. 7. Stir-fry the mushrooms. About a few minutes into the process, a lot of water will come out from the mushrooms that you are sautv ©ing. Keep going at it until all of that water has evaporated (or about to disappear). 8. Season the mushrooms with salt and pepper once it looks about finished. 9. During this time, take the rice that youve been cooking in beef stock and mix it in with the mushrooms. (if the rice finished cooking before youve finished with the mushrooms, you should take the rice off the stove before it burns). 10. Take the risotto off the stove once the rice and mushrooms have blended together and the rice has absorbed all the remaining moisture in the pan! 11. Garnish with fresh thyme, and add roast beef for a yummy meal! (you can add kimchi too, but I eat kimchi with literally anything) (i wish i had some white wine to add when cooking the mushrooms =p it would make it smell so good!) Yupyup. Back to studying for finals =p

Essay on Having a Career in Fashion Design - 1260 Words

Having a Career in Fashion Design The fashion design career, has recently emerged as one of the most popular and competitive among young people. Those who actually succeed in design have a very individualistic personal style and don’t follow trends set by others. Having fashion design as your profession sometimes allows you to meet glamorous people. It can also put you in charge of what is in and out when it comes to clothing through ramp shows and fashion write-ups. Most designers have a great social status, and are accepted by everyone. However, There are many aspects which may or may not help you choose it as your career. Many talented individuals are attracted to careers as designers. Those with little or no education, as†¦show more content†¦The four most heard of are head designers, assistant designers, specialty designers, and theatrical costume designers. Head designers are responsible for exclusive and creative functions. They supervise design room staff. Those with less experience may b e responsible for small divisions or specialized garments. Assistant designers are generally all-around assistants and designers. They make first patterns and samples or may supervise sample makers. â€Å" They work together with their directors on their sketches, and help put together their catalogs.†(Baron, pg 73) Specialty designers work with other designers to coordinate special lines of clothing, such as sweaters. They often arrange for styles to be made in foreign countries. Theatrical costume designers create costumes for movies or theatrical productions, usually on a contact basis. As you may know fashion designers create anything that is part of a garment for men, women, and children. They understand the needs of their clients and create attractive, functional garments and accessories. When designing they must keep a close watch on fit, style, color, texture, size, and material. Designing any outfit starts with sketching and original idea on paper or on computer programs. Then shaping the patterns pieces which make the garment. The pieces are then drawn in actual size on paper and cut out on a rough material. These pieces areShow MoreRelatedStatement of Purpose to be a Social Worker or a Fashion Designer802 Words   |  3 Pagesworkers and fashion design are careers that play an import ant role in the United States today. Both careers involve working well with others, and having an open mind. They also require that people be able to keep up with deadlines and be responsible. Someone in these fields also has to be able to solve problems and think quickly. These qualities are appealing to me because I love to challenge myself and be around people. However, these careers are also very different. Fashion design involves quiteRead MoreDesigning A Career For Interior Design1295 Words   |  6 Pagesmore interested. I created a â€Å"Pinterest† account that inspired me a lot as well. I also had a thing for fashion. Others always complimented me on my outfits and how I always had a â€Å"sense of fashion.† Initially, I wanted to pursue a career in Interior Design, but in the very beginning of my classes, I knew it wasn’t for me. I was more interested in the decorating aspect, rather than the design part. I took some time to rethink my options and loo ked into apparel. I knew that I didn’t want to be a designerRead MoreBecoming a Fashion Designer Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesSteve Mergarten Mrs. Malaspino English 12 A November 28, 2009 Becoming a Fashion Designer Cynthia Nellis, in her column â€Å"Day in the Life of a Fashion Couture Designer†, says, â€Å"... nothing is ever typical in the world of fashion...no day is ever routine, although we begin and end each day more or less the same: in early, out late.† Working as a Fashion Designer is a very busy, hard and challenging job. You have to provide a lot of strengths in creativity, marketing and determination; to beRead MoreThe Fashion Designers : Edith Head1657 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout Hollywood’s history, there have been several great fashion designers. One of these designers is Edith Head. She had a very long and illustrious career that lasted from 1927 to 1981, and she inspired numerous fashion trends based on her costume designs. As the head designer for both Universal and Paramount, she also worked on several popular films including Roman Holiday, Sabrina, and The Sting. Edith Head was very secretive about her childhood and would often lie about it when questionedRead MoreFootwear Design Of Shoes And Shoes1223 Words   |  5 PagesFootwear design is the name of this career field. Footwear designing is another form of fashion designing but with shoes. Footwear design includes the design of shoes and creation of shoes and several other types and styles. Footwear designing allows people to show and express their creativity through shoes. Footwear designers use art and creativity through shoes to influence the world. I believe that I have new ideas that would make an impact on the world through fashion. ​ According to Shoe HistoryRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Devil Wears Prada 1660 Words   |  7 PagesThesis: For the ability to join this 30% of those lucky people, I would fulfill my dream job of working in fashion public relations. Introduction The movie â€Å"The Devil Wears Prada†, introduced me to the life I am destined to be apart of. It is a very popular story that many females from 8 years old to way over 50 have immersed their hopes and dreams for the chance to be part of such a world in which the main character resides. The main character does not possesses the dream role in which theRead MoreWhy Men Are More Talented At Design Than Women1484 Words   |  6 Pagesor sexual orientation, or, somewhat speciously, to examine if men are more talented at design than women. As Valerie Steele, the chief curator of the Museum of the Fashion Institute of Technology, said: There is no gay gene for creativity. But circumstantial evidence is making some designers wonder about the disparities. Of the young American designers most embraced by retailers and celebrated in the fashion press in recent years, the roll call is almost exclusively male: Zac Posen, Marc JacobsRead MoreNational Honor Society Paper850 Words   |  4 PagesNational Honor Society is known for having extraordinary students whom possess strong leadership, constant determination, and also structured character. Though there are various students who have what it takes to become a member of the National Honor Society I feel that I should be one of them. 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Fashion made it’s grand entrance in my life when I was looking over a Chanel catalog along with a few other designers. For example; Vera Wang, Louis Vuitton, Christian Dior, Marc Jacobs, Phoebe Philo, and many more. The designs caught my eye and I was just mesmerized by it all. It literally took my breath away! I always told myself

Essay about The Hot Zone - 1234 Words

In 1980 a man named Charles Monet went on a trip with a girlfriend up to Mountain Elgon in West Kenya. They spent the night there and went to a large cave called Kitcum cave. Three days after his return home, Charles began to have a headache. A few days later he went to the doctors and they told him he should go to a bigger/better hospital in Nairobi. So Charles flew to Nairobi. During the flight to Nairobi Charles found himself vomiting blood with a black liquid. Charles finally reached the hospital only to wait. While he was waiting and he lost all sense of balance. Charles started to go into shock. He started to throw up even more blood. The people who were there said the only sound was the choking in his throat from his constant†¦show more content†¦The Military and the C.D.C. (Center for Disease Control) sealed off the building. Nancy Jaax, a veterinary pathologist at a military fort in Maryland and Jerry Jaax, a veterinarian and husband of Nancy, led squads of people inside the building wearing specially made suits. Two people working inside the building were cut and their space suits were torn leaving them exposed to the virus. They found out that the virus they were working with was a close relative to Ebola Zaire. Ebola Zaire is the most lethal of all strains of Ebola. It is so lethal that nine out of ten of it’s victims die. They ki lled all the monkeys in the building and locked their corpses up. This is because if the virus got out it would kill the entire human population. It would be like another Black Plague, but the Black Plague only killed 50% percent of those infected while this killed 90% percent. They put a special chemical inside the building to kill the virus. The chemicals were left in the building for a few days to ensure their effectiveness. After a few days the building was examined and it was found the chemical had in fact killed the virus. The four people that had been exposed to the virus surprisingly all lived. Later it was realized that the virus must have mutated so it would not cause harm humans. This new virus was called Ebola Reston. But if the virus was to mutate again, theShow MoreRelatedThe Hot Zone By Richard Preston2745 Words   |  11 Pages Introduction With horrifying details and graphic evidence that could scare even the toughest of people, Richard Preston tells the story of any American’s worst nightmare in his nonfiction novel; The Hot Zone. The words on the cover, â€Å"A Terrifying True Story†, make it more than clear to the reader that what they are about to read are some true facts that most would be hesitant to believe. Preston uses various shocking tales and interweaves factual information and scientific jargon to present hisRead MoreThe Hot Zone9599 Words   |  39 PagesThe Hot Zone Summary | Part 1, Chapter 1 Something in the Forest Summary Chapter one introduces the reader to Charles Monet. He is a French expatriate working on a sugar plantation in western Kenya. The story begins on New Years Day, 1980, when Charles and a woman take an overnight trip to Mount Elgon, a formerly active volcano. During their trip, they visit Kitum Cave. After returning to his quiet life, Monet becomes ill. The reader knows that he is experiencing a catastrophic illness, but CharlesRead MoreEssay on The Hot Zone1049 Words   |  5 Pages AUTHOR: Richard Preston PUBLISHER: Random House DATE OF PUBLICATION: 1994 Setting: The setting g takes place in two major places. Reston Maryland which is a suburb of Washington DC. and the second major area is in Kenya Africa. The story takes place in the 1980s. Main Characters: Since this story is a true story there is no one character that is a main character. The author does not create the story around any one main character so Ill just list every character I can remember from the book. 1Read MoreThe Hot Zone by Richard Preston1041 Words   |  4 Pages The Hot Zone, by Richard Preston, is a non-fiction story about the deadly virus (Ebola) spreading throughout the world. Certain strains of this virus are 90% fatal, and cause horrible symptoms, such as facial drooping, muscle aches, reddened eyes, and puking. The Ebola virus was traced back to a man named Charles Monet. After Monet, the virus spread rapidly, and it was leaving no survivors. Charles Monet was a Frenchman who moved to western Kenya, Africa, and worked for a sugar factory. Monet mostlyRead MoreThe Hot Zone By Richard Preston Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pages My unwavering interest in infectious diseases began in middle school when I read the book, The Hot Zone, by Richard Preston that intricately describes the Ebola virus. While the description of how the virus destroys the human body are unpleasant, this virus fascinated me. Consequently, in my spare time I read about other infectious diseases, such as cholera and tuberculosis, on Wikipedia and other web pages for my personal enjoyment. Years later, I participated in Princeton Model Congress in highRead MoreWe Must Stop The Emergency Responders1471 Words   |  6 PagesGuidebook gives information that diagrams how hot zones should be developed, and the base safe detachments from a spill or discharge. Ensuring the range around the event site is secured is a basic limit of the individual accessible as needs be. This is basic in restricting the introduction of the risky material to near to work compel, along these lines reckoning further damage or cross pollution. At in the first place, it may not be clear as for the measure of a zone should be secured. For this circumstanceRead MoreBook Report: the Hot Zone by Richard Preston Essay684 Words   |  3 PagesBook Report: The Hot Zone by Richard Preston In October of l989, Macaque monkeys, housed at the Reston Primate Quarantine Unit in Reston, Virginia, began dying from a mysterious disease at an alarming rate. The monkeys, imported from the Philippines, were to be sold as laboratory animals. Twenty-nine of a shipment of one hundred died within a month. Dan Dalgard, the veterinarian who cared for the monkeys, feared they were dying from Simian Hemorrhagic Fever, a disease lethal to monkeys but harmlessRead MoreMabry Agency Case Study984 Words   |  4 Pagesthe perfect technique for equally distributing effected resources to advance hot spots. The Mabry agency which is in Harmony, Florida is no different, since their crime rates are on the rise. Which is why we are implementing a new policing program that involves hot spots, and a planned outcome evaluation. The purpose for using hot spot policing in the town of Mabry is to simply cut down the amount of crime in those hot spot areas and the surrounding areas, by adding additional patrol vehicles andRead MoreThe Sun As A Medium Sized Star Measuring The Earth1374 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2015 The Sun The sun is actually a star just like the stars that shine throughout the night. The sun is a medium-sized star measuring 864,948mi (1,392,000km) across--100 times the diameter of the earth (Farndon 47). The core, the convection zone, and the photosphere are four main layers of the sun. The core makes energy from hydrogen for the world’s sight (Elvis 12). About 99 percent of the energy generated by the sun through nuclear fusion is produced in its core (Koehler 14). Photons transportRead MoreThe Spreading Of Iceland All Occurs On The Mid Atlantic Ridge1634 Words   |  7 Pagesoffset in numerous areas located near transform faults that illustrate the seismically active parts of fracture zones. The dating of spreading has been recorded by magnetic lineaments, with magnetic observations from the ocean floor south of Iceland being taken advantage of in the early understanding of the ideas of plate tectonics. The largest offset is the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone in the south of Ic eland, where it is offset at three-hundred and fifty kilometers. To the north of this area is

Writing Assignment Free Essays

Elena Crossovers paper is on ethnic and gender differences, she enforces that â€Å"SIAM-Kim and his peers (Jenny, Meaning, and Jack) occupy a central focus of the narrative† (5), in line with the development that children in Choky’s novel are most audacious in terms of defying racial confines. Cherokee provides insight to these impassible borders when she discusses â€Å"Choosy characters [who] repeatedly try and fail (often with violent uniqueness) to subvert them† (9), using multiple examples of the children characters in the novel. The scenes created by Ways Choc and discussed in Crossovers paper are appreciated for making clear the effort of children to push racial boundaries and limitations seemingly forbidden by their elders. We will write a custom essay sample on Writing Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now She does this by dissecting the motives of each character, beginning with the tried â€Å"attempts by Chinatown elders to constrain Meaning she appears capable Of subverting boundaries. Though relegated to the home as a nanny for Seeks (the youngest Chin brother), Meaning strategically escapes this limitation, crossing not just gender but also ethnic borders† (1 0), opening the doors for other girls in the novel, such as Jenny. Cherokee agrees that â€Å"Choc depicts Jenny flirting with the idea of border crossing throughout her youth, stepping briefly across lines and testing limits† (10-11), something elders would not do in All That Matters. How to cite Writing Assignment, Papers Writing Assignment Free Essays Thomas Friedman’s perspectives on the topic of Mooch and their ability to deliver writing instruction online. The second option is to write an essay in which you take the role of Karen Head and respond to Thomas Friedman and David Brooks on the topic of Mooch and their ability to deliver writing instruction online. The third option is to write a comparison-contrast essay on Neil Postman and Thomas Friedman’s viewpoints on the topic of Mooch and their ability to deliver writing instruction online. We will write a custom essay sample on Writing Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The fourth option is to write n essay in which you take the role of Neil Postman and respond to Thomas Friedman and David Brooks on the topic of Mooch and their ability to deliver writing instruction online. The fifth option is to write an essay in which you take the role of Kate Keeper and respond to Thomas Friedman and David Brooks on the topic of online writing instruction in general and on whether Mooch are able to deliver writing instruction online. The sixth option is to write a comparison-contrast essay on the ideas of parenting of Amy Chug and of Hanna Rosin. This option does not involve analyzing Mooch or online education at all. It might be a nice option if you do not prefer to write on the topic of Mooch or online education. Please consult http:info. Mums. Decorticating/WRITING_SASS/ wall _WRITING _ SASS_options-?HTML for more details, including the essays and articles you should write about. Grading Rubric: Introduction and thesis: Topic is introduced in an engaging way and essay has a clear and effective thesis statement. (1 0 points) Body content: Essay supports the thesis statement with strong, well-reasoned support. (30 points) How to cite Writing Assignment, Papers

Objectivity In Journalism Essays - Media Bias,

Objectivity In Journalism Merriam Webster defines objectivity as expressing or dealing with facts or conditions as perceived without distortion by personal feelings, prejudices, or interpretations. Objectivity, as defined by the school of media ethics, means standing so far from the community that you see all events and all viewpoints as equally distant and important, or unimportant for that matter. It is employed by giving equal weight to all viewpoints--or, if not, giving all an interesting twist, within taste. The result is a presentation of facts in a true non-partisan manner, and then standing back to let the reader decide which view is true. By going about it this way, we are defining objectivity not by the way we go about gathering and interpreting the news, but by what we actually put in the paper. It can be measured out by allocating so many lines for this group, and so many lines for that group. To be fair, we should spread out our resources as evenly as possible. The critics get a lot to chew on when that is the definition of objectivity. One form of reaction is to say, Objectivity is impossible! No matter how we spread our resources, we'll never get it right. We might as well be honest, and listen to our subjective inner voices, and write and report from a neutral point of view. Some journalists who think that way will surely rely on public journalism as an excuse to paint with a biased brush. Of course it is impossible for a journalist to be completely objective because journalists are human and humans are subjective by nature. It is possible, however, for journalists to strive to be objective. A journalist may not like the Ku Klux Klan or the Fellowship of Christian Athletes but must understand the need to report about groups and organizations that have an impact on the community. Journalists have to put personal feelings and beliefs aside when dealing with the news. If the ideal of objectivity is hard to grasp, then perhaps better words are fair, impartial, neutral or balanced. It is the last concept of balance that is in practice each day for journalists. Each story a journalist writes must present the facts accurately and provide a balanced view of both sides of the issue. For example, if a journalist finds accurate information about the mayor stealing funds from the public, the mayor must be given the opportunity to respond and explain the circumstances. The notion that journalists must maintain objectivity is a relatively new concept. The early American publishers were involved in politics and helped bring about the Revolution. Thomas Paine is admired for his words on freedom for the common man, and in motivating the colonies to rebel against the British Redcoats. Thomas Paine wrote, These are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country; but he that stands it NOW, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. I love the Internet as a journalistic platform, but I certainly see that it has as many flaws as traditional journalism. When I see the constant barrage of attacks from political partisans on the right and the left accusing journalists of being partial to the other side, If the journalists are getting attacked from both sides, it probably means they are doing a pretty good job of being fair and objective 'mainstream' journalists. Before the Internet, the non-mainstream wasn't readily visible; we didn't have easy access to anything but the mainstream. When the Internet opened us up to a vast world of sidestream opinion and culture, it made us second-guess the mainstream media. The Internet revealed to us that the big mainstream media corporations weren't really telling us that's the way it is but that's the way it is in order for certain media corporations to capture a share of the mass market. From being on the Internet, I'm probably more skeptical of everything I read, both on and off the Net. I am even more skeptical of Internet publications than I am of the mainstream. Gatekeepers aren't necessarily a bad thing. Those lessons I was taught in journalism classes

Bob Roberts essays

Bob Roberts essays The movie Bob Roberts is a political satire based on one mans campaign for a seat in the Senate. A British documentary crew is on hand to film Roberts' campaign and captures the frightening possibilities of a steamrolling campaign and all it can experience along its trail to Washington. Of course Bob Roberts the character is about as real as an honest politician, however the film's fiction comes closer to fact than many of todays politicians would like us to believe. Writer-director Tim Robbins plays Bob Roberts in this thought-provoking dramatic and political satire about a 1990 Pennsylvania race for the U.S. Senate. At first, it's easy to laugh at Roberts' phony-baloney public facade as he strums pro-capitalist folk songs such as "I Want to Be Rich" and "This Land Was Made for Me." Later, though, the laughs fade as we get a glimpse behind Roberts' hospitable mask and witness a snake pit of guns-for-drugs trades, cash looted from failed savings-and-loan institutions and ex-CIA campaign managers. A documentary filmmaker is along for the ride and captures Roberts sound-bite campaign against liberal incumbent Senator Brickley Paiste (Gore Vidal.) The rest of the cast is sprinkled with such notable actors as James Spader, Helen Hunt, Susan Sarandon, Fred Ward and Peter Gallagher in cameo roles. Most of them play television news reporters that are as biased as Bob Roberts campaign is crooked. This is how the film allows the media to portray itself throughout. During the film the media is very biased towards both campaigns. One particular example of this is when Bob Roberts is about to go on the show Good Morning Philadelphia. Right before he goes on, the host of the show tells him that she does not support his views. This leads to the two of them having an exchange on the air about differing points of view. While this seems to be an uncomfortable moment for the candidate, it ...

The Basics of Getting Started in Homeschooling

The Basics of Getting Started in Homeschooling When youre new to homeschooling, the logistics can seem overwhelming, but it doesnt have to be a stressful time. These homeschooling basics will help you have your homeschool up and running as stress-free as possible. 1. Make the Decision to Homeschool Making the decision to homeschool can be  difficult and is not one to be made lightly. As you are  deciding if homeschooling is right for you, consider factors such as: The time commitmentThe pros and cons of homeschooling based on your family’s needsYour spouse and child’s opinions about homeschooling There are many factors that go into deciding to homeschool and many are unique to your family’s specific needs. Talk to other homeschooling families in person or online. Consider attending a homeschool support group meeting or find out if the groups in your area offer  events for new homeschooling families. Some groups will pair families with an experienced mentor or host QA nights. 2. Understand  Homeschool Laws It is important to know and follow the homeschool laws and requirements of your state or region. Although homeschooling is legal in all 50  states, some  are more heavily regulated than others, particularly if your child is  a certain age (6 or 7 to 16 or 17  in most states) or has already been enrolled in public school. Make sure that you understand what is required of you to withdraw your child from school (if applicable) and  begin homeschooling. If your child has not been in school, make sure you know the age by which you must notify your state that you will be educating at home. 3.  Start  Strong Once you make the decision to homeschool, you’ll want to do all that you can to ensure that you start on a positive note.  If your student is transitioning from public school to homeschool, there are steps you can  take to smooth the transition. For example, you’ll want to allow time for everyone to make the adjustment. You don’t have to make every decision right away. You may find yourself in the position of wondering what to do if your child doesn’t want to homeschool. Sometimes that is simply part of the adjustment period. Other times, there are root causes that you will need to address. Be willing to learn from the mistakes of veteran homeschooling parents and to listen to your own instincts regarding your children. 4. Choose a Support Group Meeting together with other homeschoolers can be helpful, but finding a support group can sometimes be difficult. It often takes patience to find the right match for your family. Support groups can be a great source of encouragement. The leaders and members can often help with choosing curriculum, understanding whats required for record-keeping, understanding state homeschool laws, and providing opportunities and activities for your students. You can begin by searching for homeschool support groups by state or asking other homeschool families you may know. You may also find great support in online support groups. 5. Select  Curriculum Selecting your homeschool curriculum can be overwhelming. There is a dizzying array of options and it’s easy  to overspend and still not find the right curriculum for your student. You may not even need curriculum right away and can utilize free printables and your local library while you decide. Consider used curriculum or creating your own in order to save money on homeschool curriculum. 6. Learn the Basics  of Record Keeping It is very important to keep good records of your childs homeschool years. Your records can be as simple as a daily journal or as elaborate as a purchased computer program or notebook system. Your state may require that you write a homeschool progress report, keep a record of grades, or turn in a portfolio. Even if your state doesn’t require such reporting, many parents enjoy keeping portfolios, progress reports, or work samples as keepsakes of their children’s homeschooling years. 7. Learn the Basics of Scheduling Homeschoolers generally have a great deal of freedom and flexibility when it comes to  scheduling, but it sometimes takes a while to find  what works best for your family. Learning how to create a homeschool schedule doesnt have to be difficult when you break it down into manageable steps. It can be  helpful to ask other homeschooling families what a typical homeschool day looks like for them. A few tips to  consider: When your kids work best: Are they early birds or  night owls?Your spouse’s work scheduleOutside classes and commitments 8. Understand Homeschool Methods There are many methods  for homeschooling your children. Finding the right style for your family may take some trial and error. It’s  not uncommon to try a few different methods throughout your homeschooling years or to mix and match. You may find that some aspects of unschooling may work for your family or there may be some bits of the Charlotte Mason method or some unit study techniques you’d like to employ. The most important thing to remember is to be open to what works for your family rather than feeling that you have to make a lifetime commitment to a particular homeschooling method. 9. Attend a Homeschool Convention Homeschool conventions are much more than book sales. Most, particularly larger conventions, have vendor workshops and special speakers in addition to the vendor hall. The speakers can be a great source of inspiration and guidance. Homeschool conventions also provide a chance to talk to vendors who can answer your questions and help you determine which curriculum is right for your student. 10. Know What to Do If You Begin Homeschool  Mid-year Is it possible to begin homeschooling midyear? Yes! Just remember to check your state’s homeschool laws so that you know how to properly withdraw your children from school and begin homeschooling. Don’t feel that you have to jump into a homeschool curriculum right away. Utilize your library and online resources while you figure out the best homeschool curriculum choices for your student. Homeschooling is a big decision, but it doesnt have to be difficult or overwhelming to get started.

Shopping trends and how we spend money assignment

Shopping trends and how we spend money - Assignment Example Rather than buy separate ingredients (as in the case of the macaroni salad) and put them together ourselves, we simply go to the store and pay one price for a pre-packaged macaroni salad that someone has already put together for us. The trouble comes in the fact that this person has not done so out of the goodness of their heart – they have been paid to do this, and the cost that we pay for the salad reflects that. Another reason that the price is higher is the packaging. While the material of the packaging itself is probably no different than that of other foods, the bottom line is competition in this instance. The store is competing with other brands and ingredients to have you buy their prepackaged items, regardless of price. Do they want you to buy them? Of course! Therefore they must spend time and money on attractive packaging to make the consumer that is tired and hungry walking through the store say, â€Å"Oh. I’ll just grab this and we’ll have it with dinner.† On the whole, it came as no surprise to me that the average cost per pound of packaged food was higher than that of fresh fruit or vegetables. When packaged goods are offered to consumers, the price must reflect handling, shipping, packaging, and work needed to put together the

Why Did Eastern Europe Fall Under Communist Rule In The First Place Essay

Why Did Eastern Europe Fall Under Communist Rule In The First Place - Essay Example om potential capitalist oppression, providing assistance to the flourishing communist parties in central Europe and ensuring dictatorship of the proletariat in the conquered nations. In fact, most of the East European nations were willing to be part of the communist regime as they sought better security, protection and peace under the Soviet Union. This paper seeks to explore the various reasons and favourable conditions that contributed to Communist rule in Eastern Europe. Many of the Eastern European nations that suffered under Nazi occupation saw communism â€Å"as the best safeguard against the possibility of a revival of fascism in the future†; besides, â€Å"many of the Eastern European countries were liberated from Nazi Germany by the Russians† and â€Å"countries like Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary were in extreme financial hardship and communist policies would definitely have been attractive to them† (Communism after 1945: Background 2010). Similarly, many of the Eastern European countries expected a stable government under the Soviet governance which would make them powerful economically and politically. In the same way the Soviet forces were successful in developing a popular sentiment for socialism and communism (which was brought out by the demolition of Nazi and Fascist forces) in East Germany, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania and Poland and they were immensely assisted by socialist movements such as the Soci alist Unity Party of Germany, the Hungarian Working Peoples Party, the Romanian Workers Party and the Polish United Workers Party in these countries. Brown (2010), in this respect, states that the Eastern European nations might have been attracted by the six essential defining characteristics that governed communism: â€Å"its political organisation: the monopoly of power of a Communist party and rigid discipline and strict hierarchy within that party†, â€Å"its centralised, command economy (with prices and output targets fixed

Literature Review Of Companies And Supermarkets

Literature Review Of Companies And Supermarkets As companies/supermarkets have race to introduced technology that enables the customers to get service on their own (Bitner, M. Amy, L. Ostrom and Matthew, L. 2002). Growing number of customers interacted with the technology to create service outcomes instead with a service firm employee (Matthew, L. Amy, L. Ostrom, Robert, I. And Bitner, M. July 2000). The overall affect model is based on the consumers feelings toward the use of technology (Pratibha A. and Dabholkar 1996). The Supermarkets which introduce self-service checkout systems wish to gain rapid acceptance and usage of these technologies by potential consumers. (Jungki, L. and Allaway, A. 2002) According to Merriam-Websters Dictionary (2008), Innovation is a new idea, method or device, or the introduction of something new.Drejer (2002) argues that innovation is more than just invention, that idea cannot be innovative as a pure, it must be put in practice and be commercialized; otherwise it is too earlier to speak of innovation. Blackmon (1996) provide us with the best summary for a context of this research: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ technological change is used to describe changes in knowledge that increase the volume of output or allow a qualitatively superior output from a given amount of resources à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and thus in driving organizational evolution à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The sales profit is a simple conceptual framework chain to linking with the employee satisfaction as well as customer satisfaction and financial performance. This sales profit chain is the relationships between employee and customer satisfaction (Gary, W. and Loveman, 1998). The benefit of the customer retention and satisfaction has been characterized by using the repurchase intention or a factor score of quite a few measures repurchase goal, and price tolerance. So that the purpose to use the customers management strategy that is the based on managing both satisfaction and benefit of customer retention (Narayandas, D. 1998). Performance expectation and the actual performance have major significance in the Evaluation process, as we need to determine the dimension of product and service performance. Most customers do not switch from satisfied seller to their competitors, but, there are several factors that could affect customer behaviour to switch to different service provider such as mistake in core service failure, service encounter failures, variable prices, inconvenience, responsive to service failures, attraction by competitors, ethical behaviours and involuntary switching etc. (Hawkins, Best and Coney, 2004). Retailers need to analyze what makes a new product from the point of view by the customer if customers facing problems understanding the reason behind the introduction of new self-service checkout systems (SSC) they will not use the system. As we launch new self-service systems, we need to analyse the consumer behaviour as well. The consumer should be involved in some way or another at most stages in the introduction of self-service checkout system. Every retail or sales companies should take care of customer wants and needs (Wright, R. 2006). Consumers feel a sense of pleasure in understanding that they have found a unique store that they can, and do, frequent. This suggestion is suggested on the notion of value as a function of both worth (Oliver, 1999) and scarcity. People feel good when they find something of worth that is not easily available the feel good feeling from the ordinary and the mundane, is different from satisfaction in that it consists qualitative effects such as enjoyment and happiness. In contract, satisfaction is an evaluative judgment (Oliver, 1997) and more cognitive in nature (Howard and Sheth, 1969). Satisfaction can be defined as a cognitive evaluation resulting from the fulfilment expectations. Satisfaction is a judgment based on either a cognitive or emotional appraisal, made by the customer whether his or her expectations were met (Oliver, 1997). Positive affect is a pleasurable emotional response (Bogozzi, Gopinath, and Nyer, 1999). If organizations want to consider total customer experience, satisfaction by itself is a weak measurement (Barlow and Maul, 2000) As a result, when a consumer experiences more differentiation value in the store, consumer will be more likely to feel more positive responses toward the store (Holbrook and Hirschman, 1982) The literature in retailing and customer behaviour has identified commitment as ones motivation to keep a relationship with the retailer (Bendapudi and Berry, 1997 and Fournier, 1998).The self-service checkout system (SSC) into the service come across necessitates research to improved understand customers attitudes toward overhaul providers and technologies, and their intentions to employ technology-based facility delivery systems. In this research, the authors build up and experiment three structural models that include a pecking instruct of consumer attitudes toward together the psychological and the technological factors of the come across to better appreciate their intentions to utilize Self Service Technologies. The result indicates that intentions to exercise self-service technologies options are ambitious by manifold, hierarchical attitudes. In calculation to the direct belongings of attitudes toward exact self-service technologies and individual employees, the findings corrob orate that higher direct worldwide attitudes toward service technologies pressure intentions to use self-service technologies. fascinatingly, the findings indicate that heavy self-service technologies users rely more on attitudes toward specific self-service technologies than do light self-service technologies users, who rely more heavily on universal attitudes toward self-service technologies when formative intention to utilize an self-service technologies. (James, M. Matthew, L. Meuter and Carol, F. 2003) Kano Model Analysis: The customer satisfaction model from professor Kano is a marketing and quality management approach that can be used for assessing and establishing customer satisfaction and happiness. Kano model has six categories of customer quality characteristics, but, only the first three specially relate to customer satisfaction. (Kano, 2007) These factors are: Basic factors Excitement factors Performance factors Basic factors The prerequisite factors that will cause dissatisfaction if they are not met, but, do not establish customer satisfaction. If they are fulfilled or cross expectations customer regard this as essential and basic factors contribute to market entrance threshold Excitement factors These requirements if they are met can increase customer level satisfaction, but, if they do not meet the requirements, do not cause customer dissatisfaction. These factors come to customers as surprise and create satisfaction. A company can come out from crowd from competitors in a positive way using these factors. Performance factors These factors are concerned with the performance level. So, we can conclude that customer satisfaction is directly related to the performance level, if the performance level is high, then, customer satisfaction will be met, but, if the performance level is low, cause dissatisfaction. These factors are directly related to customer desires, wants and needs etc. So, company should try to be competitive in a market. (Adapted from Prof. Kano, 1994) Customer point of view in relation to Self Service Checkout System (SSC) Researcher forecasting about the adaptation of the self service checkout system have been gone against the past recommendation, instead, customers are using this technology more and embrace this technology with open arms. Reasons for Supermarket to adopt this technology: Customers do prefer to use their bank cards in privacy and anonymity. Queue awaiting time reduction; Need for self-service; Quick payment; Shoppers feel empowered; Retail market is shifting towards radio frequency identification which will replace the bar code. However this might be a foundation for increasing working hours, as supermarkets not depending on a cashier. Due it is not many research have been done in the UK the USA practise might be relevant for this research and will be in future referred as a compare base. Theoretical Framework Porters competitive advantage theory is a classical and one of the foundational in business literature, however lately it was criticized by some authors (Day and Wensley, 1988 and Hunt and Morgan, 1995). Therefore some complementary concepts have been suggested. In order to reinforce research the Porters value-chain theory was complemented with the more current Value-Network model of Stabell and Fjeldstad (Stabell and Fjeldstad, 1998). Value-chain theory and the value network model are presenting the different activities of a company where value can be configured and added through SSC systems. This model allows the researchers to investigate the different activities of companies on which the implementation of technology-based self-service as an innovation can have an effect. Theoretical Framework Implication In order to fully understand the impact of introducing SSC in ASDA supermarkets it is necessary to look into: role and importance of innovation in a business context, product life cycle connected to SSC; competitive advantage theory and complementary concepts, value chain theory, and finally the importance of customer relationship management in the new self-service economy. Innovation Before we are going to analyze stage it is important to understand what innovation in business context is. The full understanding can be obtained through definition of the term. According to Merriam-Websters Dictionary (2008), Innovation is a new idea, method or device, or the introduction of something new. Drejer (2002) argues that innovation is more than just invention, that idea cannot be innovative as a pure, it must be put in practice and be commercialized; otherwise it is too earlier to speak of innovation. Blackmon (1996) provide us with the best summary for a context of this research: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ technological change is used to describe changes in knowledge that increase the volume of output or allow a qualitatively superior output from a given amount of resources à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and thus in driving organizational evolution à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In the following relation, the innovation in a business context is a product, device, service, programme, service provider, or methods of services delivery that are new, unusual, or in other ways different from those previously used and positively reflects in overall output of the organization in form of added value directly to the organization or its customers. In the case of this research, innovation in form of SSC brings changes into service delivery. In order to understand the impact of the innovation it is necessary to understand to which area of service delivery it related. Dabholkar (2003) made a classification of technology in service delivery with three dimensions. By whom the service is delivered and who operates the technology. Where the service is delivered (at the shop or in customers home); and how the service is delivered. Depending on which category the service belongs to different factors will affect the customers evaluation of the service quality. This classification can be useful in guiding companies in the development of their marketing strategies when implementing SSC systems. Table At service site At customers place Direct contact Customer goes to service site and performs service using technology at service site. E.g. ATM, self-service at retail checkouts. Customer uses technology from home/office to perform service. E.g. internet shopping. Indirect contact Customer goes to service site and uses automated telephone system to perform service. E.g. automated wake-up calls at Hotels. Customer calls automated telephone service from home/office to perform service. E.g. automated ticket-ordering over telephone. Source: Dabholkar, 1994 in Anselmsson, 2001, page 13. Shadowed cell is the relevant technology for this research. Using this type of SSC, the customer goes to the service site and performs the service by using the technology provided at the service site. This implies a greater importance and wider range of quality issues in the interactive marketing function of the organisation. Product/service life Cycle In a business context everything is going through different level, stages of performance. It is similar to the any life development. From the cell of life to the maturity and death, the products are repeating same way from idea to implementation and ultimately death. Particularly in our case the service as well as product must be planned and introduce to employees, customers and eventually be accepted by them. It is crucial for the managers to adjust and control its performance while it goes through different stages. The effect respectively will be also different on different stages. Therefore, considering the life cycle of SSC systems is important when investigating the effects on company competitiveness. Figure: Source Cordiant Technologies Limited The product life cycle tend to go through the five stages of products: Service/product development; Market introduction; Growth stage; Mature stage; Stage of decline. Each stage is different in effectiveness of the product, expenses, revenue, etc. The first stage usually money intensive as there is no sales revenue and all expenses are covered by different organizations activities, in our case no effectiveness gain from reducing cost of operation. Stage two is quite expensive in our case as technological cost is very high. The purchase of the machineries and shops infrastructure adjustments to accommodate it are required. Moreover the staff and customers trainings and special promotions materials must be prepared. The third stage is continuous use of SSC by customers and therefore operational cost reduction becomes positive revenue, which might cover the marketing expenses. The fourth stage is characterised by very low costs of operation as number of customers who is using it increased. The final stage might come as soon as more efficient and productive technology will arrive and current become outdated. (Day, 1981) The progression of a product through these stages is not certain however. Some products may stay in the mature stage forever, for example commodities such as milk, others might not even rich stage of maturity. These products go through their life cycle as marketers marketing mix strategies change. For example, advertising is informative stage of the introduction, maturity stages, winning in the growth and in the decline stage reminder-oriented. In the early stages the promotional budget tends to be highest, and as the product gradually taper off matures and decline. Product characteristics, pricing, distribution also tend to change. (Day, 1981) The concept of product life cycle, applied to Self Service Checkout System (SSC) innovations, has also been introduced as an important concept that also contributes to affecting competitiveness. The Value-Chain Porters value chain framework today still is the accepted language for representing and analyzing the logic of firm-level value creation, and is also a framework for analyzing firm-level competitive strengths and weaknesses. In value chain analysis competitive advantage is understood by these discrete activities of the value creation process that contribute to the firms relation cost place and produce a basis for segregation. These activities are the building blocks from which a product or process is created that is valuable to the firms customers. The different activities have different economics and thus contribute differently to the valuable characteristics of the product or process. The value creating activities in Porters model are divided in two levels. Primary activities consist of directly interact to create and bring value to the customer, while support activities facilitate and develop the performance of the primary activities. Figure: Source: (Porter, 1985, 1990) The primary activity level consists of five actions: inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, promotion and sales and service. The maintain actions are procurement, technology growth, human supply management, and firm infrastructure. It is important to note that the different activity categories are not the same as organizational functions. Using the value chain for analysis, costs and assets are assigned to the value activities as a first step, and are further analyzed as structural drivers related to the scale and scope of the firm, linkages across activities, and environmental factors. Cost and value drivers are usually analyzed separately. Moreover, drivers are partly related to internal relationships, partly to external factors, and partly to relationships between internal and external factors as well. The main drivers of value are policy decisions made by product and segment choices when the firm is established or repositioned. (Stabell and Fjeldstad, 1998) According to Porter, the value-creating logic of his value chain with its generic activity categories is valid for firms in all industries. However, he further states that the specific activities that are vital to a firms competitive advantage depend on which industry the firm operates. (Porter, 1985, 1990) Stabell and Fjeldstad (1998) however have investigated the application of the value chain model to a variety of industries and have experienced problems in applying the value chain frame work to more than two-dozen firms. They have found that the value chain is suitable for describing and understanding the value creation logic of manufacturing firms, but that it proves problematic when analyzing activities in service industry firms. They argue that problems arise from difficulty to assign and analyze activities in terms of the five generic primary value chain categories proposed by Porter, leading to unclear explanations of value creation. Therefore, Stabell and Fjeldstad (1998) suggest that the value chain can be considered as one of three generic value configurations to facilitate the understanding and analysis of firm-level value-creation logic for a broad range of industries and firms. The additional two value models besides the value-chain are the value network and the value shop. The importance shop model applies to firms where price is created by mobilizing income and performance to resolve an exacting customer difficulty, for example professional service firms dealing with medicine, law, architecture and engineering. The value network model refers to firms that generate cost by facilitating an organization relationship among their customers using a mediator technology. Stabell and Fjeldstad (1998) also propose alternative presentation formats for both models that represent their unique value creation logic. For the purpose of this research both Porters value chain and Stabell and Fjeldstads value network is of importance. Although Stabell and Fjeldstad state that according to their findings the value chain is mostly useful for manufacturing firms, for our investigation of supermarkets traditional operations, the value chain is most fitting, with one small alteration. However, in also considering the introduction of a new type of service offering through technology-based self-service checkouts, it is found necessary to complement the value chain model with the value network model in order to be able to capture the value adding activities of SSC. The combination of the different value-creating logics, as suggested for this research, has also been proposed by Norman and Ramirez (1993). Since the main purpose of the research is to investigate the effects of SSC in supermarkets, the value network is of central importance, which is discussed in further detail below. The Value Network Value networks use a mediating technology to link clients and customers who wish to be interdependent. According to Stabell and Fjeldstad (1998), the firm provides a networking service through the mediating technology and thus facilitates exchange relationships among customers distributed in space and time. For the consideration of SSC, the value network idea is modified to mean that the firm is the network itself, linking its customers not to each other but to the firm itself, facilitating a more interdependent exchange relationship between the firm and its customers. Customer Satisfaction To measure the customer satisfaction of how your organisation`s `total product` performs in relation to a set of customer requirements. (Gower, 1999) If you like to measure the customer satisfaction of the customers and you need direction exactly what you are measuring. Understanding the concept of customer satisfaction is very easy and can be done by assuming yourself as a customer in a supermarket. Satisfaction is simple. If you get what you wanted and your requirements are met, you are satisfied. The starting point of a customer satisfaction management is to set the objectives. There are different customer satisfaction objectives that can be set. Customers` requirements (important ratings) Customer satisfaction (Satisfaction ratings) Comparison with other organizations PFIs (priorities for improvement) Customer satisfaction index A track able measure of satisfaction The internal perspective Firstly, you should identify customers` requirements and there are many things customers want and need but we need to identify most relative of customer requirements. Secondly, you must measure customer satisfaction. Organisational performance is directly related to customer satisfaction and list of customers` requirements. Thirdly, if you could go a bit further to analyse the customers` requirements as compared to other same organisations. (In our example `supermarket`) This will give you the opportunity to get the benchmarking. By using benchmarking, you could analyse the requirements of your supermarket customers` as satisfied or not satisfied. Fourthly, after getting the customers` satisfaction measures, you can use these measures to produce some survey outcomes and the first of that step is to identify the PFIs (Priorities for improvement) Fifth, you will need to measure the overall customers` satisfaction. We call it a satisfaction index and it will indicate us to monitor progress from the one year to the next for the overall customers` satisfaction. Finally, customers` satisfaction survey has to be done inside the supermarket to know about the understanding of employees about their customers` requirements. It will help any supermarket to indentify that if their employees know about their customers` requirements and can indentify gaps. An internal survey can also be used to help the management to make the decision making process and strategic management. (Gower, 1999) Achieving Customer Satisfaction: Customer satisfaction is measured frequently. Sampling is extensive. Surveys are quantitative as well as qualitative. The measures are taken very seriously. They are reviewed unfailingly by Top management: the development of such measures is taken very seriously as the development of budgetary measures or product reliability measures. Evaluation of people in all functions at all levels is significantly affected by the satisfaction measures. (Tom Peter, a Passion for Excellence) Customer delight seems very credible people say things like: In today`s competitive markets customer satisfaction is no longer enough; you have to delight the customers, give them something they did not expect to keep their business. In customer satisfaction, the link between customer loyalty, customer retention and profitability can make get better customer satisfaction. It has been shown that customer retention can boost profit of the supermarket as it is very easy to keep the existing customers than getting new customers. After getting the trend data and established the satisfaction- loyalty ratio in your market for your organisation, you make some models. Some companies now have `business performance models` based on their customer satisfaction management survey results that have quantified the exact links between customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, sales and profit. They know that how much one percent improvement in customer satisfaction will improve loyalty how much that contributes to profits. Precisely, this is a very powerful forecasting tool. Customer satisfaction Business success Employee satisfaction Customer Retention Figure: (Ch. BABAR 2010) Customer Satisfaction and the Performance: Customer satisfaction can be defined as more loyal customer and it involves emotional and complicated process. Every customer has certain level of product or service expectation and desire. If customer expectation level increased as a result of using that product or service, then, customer experiences satisfaction. (Simon Homburg 1998, Page 44) However, Satisfaction has also recently been described as the emotional reaction to this cognitively defined process of comparison. (Homburg and Rudolph 1995, page 31) In this context, customer experiences that the outcome of the process of comparison will not always give the correct result about the expected satisfaction outcome and actual level of satisfaction outcome. Instead, direct effect of these outcomes or satisfaction levels also interacts with satisfaction. (Bolton et al. 1991 page 376) The customer satisfaction has been in research for long time, mostly research and investigation has been done on the customer satisfaction, but, not on the customer retention. It is the experience and attitude of the employee in closest contact with customers that customers are satisfied, loyal and customer retention has been achieved. The Satisfaction is an a overall attitude of customer towards the service provider (Levesque and McDougall, 1996) The companies are more successful, later research has showed if they adopt customer retention rather than customer satisfaction. (Knox, 1998) Customer satisfaction brings many benefits. Satisfied customers are fewer prices sensitive; they purchase more items, not go to competitors and stay longer. (Zineldin, 2000) Customer satisfaction is directly related with the customer complaint process management. If customer complains more, then, it increases more customer satisfaction. Customer complains about the product or service he/she receives, then, supermarket can achieve more customer satisfaction (Johnston, 2001) The product innovations, staff service, price, convenience and business profile are all determinants of customer satisfaction. (Athanassopoulos, 2000) Later, Bejou et al. (1998) propose that customer satisfaction can be enhanced through relationships, provided they are developed and managed to the customer`s satisfaction Customer retention is not directly related with the customer satisfaction. Sometime customer do not change service provider because of the alternative circumstances, but, customer satisfaction level remain the same. Sometime customers do not have any choice to change their service provider, so, they stick with their existing provider. Hallowell (1996) argues that customer satisfaction cannot produce life time customer loyalty even though customer satisfaction has been increased, but, retention can be related with customer satisfaction. Retention can be understandable as to do business or exchange a commitment to continue with a particular company on an ongoing basis. (Zineldin, 2000) Retaining old customers are easy and cheap to keep as compared to the new customers because they are more loyal and less price sensitive. They keep their loyalty to their existing service provider and do not change their loyalty to the new service provider. It increases customer retention, satisfaction, lower price sensitivity, higher market share, higher productivity and higher efficiencies. (Reichheld, 1995) The authors suggest that in order to retain customers, companies should always change and developing their product and services to meet the ever changing needs of customers. The concept of acquiring, developing and retaining customers from a cognitive and affective perspective, they provide examples of how cognitive and affects are used to increase retention. (Desai and Mahajan, 1998) Customer satisfaction is a direct determining factor in customer loyalty, which, in turn, is a main presentation of customer retention. (Gerpott et al., 2001) Customer satisfaction can be achieved by customer retention. Customer complaint process can increase the level of customer satisfaction that result in customer retention. Employee perspective is also very important with relation of the customers. Individual relationship with the customer can boost the level of customer satisfaction. It is direct related with the mental theories of customer and employee perspectives. Managers should be aware of customer wants and needs as well as employee mental perspective. Different employees keep different level of relationship with the customers that could affect the customer satisfaction and retention level. Therefore, Managers must keep eye into employee/customer relationship and set realistic goals to achieve. (Spreng et al, 1995) Good section Customer Retention Customer retention is directly linked with the customer satisfaction. The framework guide managers to decide which part of customer satisfaction has more collision, which part of customer satisfaction needs to be improve and make strategies to retain existing customers. An individual level model of loyalty and customer retention has been developed, that can be used to predict effects of service level improvement at supermarket. Customer satisfaction has been changed recently from transactional marketing to relationship marketing. (Grà ¶nroos, Sheth and Parvatiyar, 1994) To all marketing activities directed toward establishing, developing, and maintaining successful relational exchanges (Morgan and Hunt, 1994) Customer satisfaction has been treated as essential instrument for the customer retention, has gained significant importance in relational marketing approaches. (Rust and Zahorik, 1993) Kotler sums this up when he states: The key to customer retention is customer satisfaction (Ko

Fender’s Supply Chain Management Essay

The world’s manufacturing leader–Fender Guitar Company which was established in 1946, the full name of Fender Musical Instruments Corporation. In the past 60 years, Fender has become one of the hallmarks of the United States. The contribution of Fender sound’s modern music development has already been spread in global and still continuing. Through the first to introduce the commercialization solid electric guitar, produced the first electric bass and numerous classic speaker. The style of Fender musical instruments includes jazz, pop, rock, country music and so on. Everyone from beginners to enthusiasts and even the world-renowned performers all can find the suitable musical instruments for them. Fender intends to position itself in the company not only a revered music industry name, but also a cultural icon (HREF 1). Fender Squier series of guitar, bass, speakers and other products combined with its full line of Fender acoustic guitar considering the price for f ocusing on musicians endurance offers a wide range of options. Long-term development by the inspired, Fender created a complete product line of professional-grade guitar and bass speakers. Fender has a series of pro audio, including complete portable sound systems, professional-grade audio equipment. Fender also provides a wealth of accessories, including strings, standard replacement parts, Fender logo strap, as well as casual wear. Fender set the assembly plant in Arizona Scottsdale; California Cornona; Tennessee, Nashville; Mexico Ensenada; London; Germany Dusseldorf; Paris, France and Gothenburg, Sweden. In North America distribution centre, Fender is the only distributor of electric instruments in the United States and Canada. They provided music equipment products from the main series to accessories. Fender’s warehouse directly ships to more than 1500 musical instrument dealers who located in the United States and Canada. 2Fender’s supply chain managementFrom 1946 till now, 60 years experience in business management, fender has a very sophisticated supply chain management in its product parts procurement and sales activities. Although the structure of their supply chains gradually updated and changed by the age development. However, from the international status of today of Fender in the guitar industry around of the world, which has already proven the success of supply chain management in Fender and also clearly discover that the importance of doing supply chain management in their business  activities. I plan to analyze the typical aspects case by case of Fender in their supply chain management. It includes the international market supply chain strategy, supplier selection, customer strategies, raw material supply chain management, supply chain partners. 2.1 Fender’s global supply chainFender positioned their products for the highest quality, high-quality, medium quality. The highest quality products manufacturing at corona factory in California. Ensenada factory in Baja California, Mexico is responsible for the production of medium to high-end guitar. Fender also developed their market to Asia. They contracted with the Asian guitar manufacturers to manufacture fender guitar. And also produce the cheap Squier guitar to meet the needs of different consumers. Fender Guitar previously only popular in the United States, but since 1990, Fender guitar expanded the market into Japan and has achieved outstanding results. Fender was in its Ensenada, Mexico plant started to produce the guitar for the Japanese market, although only a small number of production, but is a signal to enter the international market. Squier brand by Fender is a marketing tool to win the business. It also made the introduction of the foundation for Sratocasterr series in international market. Gradually, Stratocaster have become increasing popular in Japan, China, South Korea and Indonesia. Fender’s supply chain management made successful in Asian. 2.2 Fender’s typical suppliersIn recent years, Fender Musical Instruments Corporation purchased a number of instrument from his supplier, these suppliers including the Guild Guitar Company, the Sunn Amplifier Company, and other brands such as SWR Sound Corporation (HREF 1). 2003 early, Fender made some adjustment for its family of products Gretsch and started the production and distribution of new Gretsch guitars. 2.3 Fender’s new supply chain strategyFender plans to promote their products can be more clearly conveyed. They announced in Feb. 2007 will be to produce a product guide with illustrations of replace the traditional front-line journal of the year. This change in order to give publicity by its supply chain cost considerations, The traditional cost of printing, as well as the most trend copyright convenient substitute for internet magazine, which can  solve the printing, distribution, copyright issue of cost and time. The guide contains a set of new Fender product introduction and picture. The new Fender Frontline In-Home will be conveyed to customers the latest products of Fender, and the provision of mail to customers if they need and have registered in the Fender website. This shows that the Fender was constantly improving its customer service systems to optimize their supply chain management. 2.4 Fender’s Australia supply chainFender in Australia has a complete supply chain system, but it still has a few aspects need to improve. Fender established more than 92 local authorized dealers in the Australia, 26 in NSW (HREF 2). Fender distributes Recommended Retail Price (RRP) information to all of its authorized Fender Dealers in Australia, but the retailers is no obligation to follow recommended price, so retailers can manage the price flexibility in different regions. Fender in Australia also provides the service of identification of guitars of customer own. Through the phone and internet application, customer can bring their guitar to retailer shop. In the sell model, Fender Australia does not sell directly to consumers. Customers need to find an authorized Fender Dealer to buy the product. It required Fender need to establish more enough dealers to satisfy the customers from different regions. I must give up some potential customer in small regions when Fender want to cut cost for retail establish. In addition, Fender provides the service to customer to help them value their advantages of guitar choice. They are dealing with an established local business and provides warranty for local customer, and also customer can receive excellent advice from a professional from Fender. 2.6 Fender’s American supply chainFender’s commitment to achieve customer satisfaction, all the production lines in the United States must first be assigned to the Fender’s California warehouse. Products must pass stringent inspection and quality control process to allow the shipment. Fender staff inspect all equipment to ensure that the voices of debugging, interoperability, as well as the unloading of containers from retailers. Fender use Barcode system to inventory all products. â€Å"The savings from bar code system will be in the form of the elimination of running the same orders twice due to error† (Joansson, 2008). Barcode system can efficiently locate and retrieve any given product in seconds by computer operating. Bar code also provides an important follow-up of the electronics and data, including price information, model and serial number, transportation and receiving dates. It helpful convinced service to dealers. Before shipment, the products need to be inspected stringently again. Fender distribution center provide their dealers a variety of shipping way. The high quality ship and quickly delivery time by only 3-4 working days from warehouse to United States and Canadian dealers. For Fender’s supply chain management, the quality of product would be put in the heading mission. Fender insists that they can provide the high quality and also valued their network of customers and dealers in order to efficiency distribution systems in the musical instrument industry (HREF 1)3. The value-add from Fender’s supply chain partners3.1 Outsouring and supply chain integrationThird-party logistics is no stranger to Europe, as a business outsourcing industry has been in Europe several hundred years of history. Many well-known companies such as Schenker. They began to use such as the provision of transport, warehousing and other services. However, due to specialization aware of the importance of paying attention to outsourcing and as the rise of an industry was beginning from 80s, 90s during the 20th century in United States (Weng, 2006). According to statistics, in 1992 the United States third-party logistics market turnover of 35 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for the logistics market, the total turnover of 2% -3% in 1996 has reached 50 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of the total logistics market to 5% — 6%, and third-party logistics in the United States in 1997 and 1998, the business growth of 40% and 15% respectively. Third-party logistics began to extend to all parts of the world from the United States, today’s third-party logistics business world as a whole accounted for about one-third and also a 15% annual growth rate.(Li, Yu & Xu, 2006). Third-party logistics companies in the supply chain is a link, it will throughout the supply chain of other companies as its clients and customers. While in reality the demand for customer-oriented environment is bound to drive with the strengthen communication between the logistics enterprise and the each member of the supply chain in order to know each other more than before(Li, Yu & Xu, 2006). To become effective organizers and managers of the supply chain, we must first understand the specific circumstances of the members, along with third-party logistics own familiarity with the logistics are far higher than that of other members, so third-party logistics enterprise supply chain integration is of course an expert. It is for this reason that more enterprises are now seeking cooperation with third-party logistics companies to supply chain integration. For example, Fender collaborated with Global logistics company-UPS to integrate their supply chain and improve the performance. UPS distribution center in United Kingdom helps Fender to complete its process of flow lines and centralized so that the Fender Company in recent years to achieve sales in Europe doubled in the Scheme. UPS management from factories from all over the world on sea and land purchase by a third party logistics companies to manage their inventory EDCs. EDCs inspection by the quality of the employees to view the inventory, distribution and retailers to meet orders, manage the delivery of multi-carrier. Fender can shorten the delivery time and better monitoring of the quality and delivery of orders. More importantly, before UPS ship the guitar to the retails. They will complete each of the guitar tuning to ensure that you can play guitar when retailers remove products from t he box. 3.2Fender also value their partnerFender and BestBuy established a collaboration relationship in 2008. in July 28,2008, BestBuy announced they will open up 2500 square feet of â€Å"Music centers† in its 85 stores for sale include Fender, Gibso and other well-know brands, including more than 1000 kinds of ordinary accessories, music high guitar, bass, DJ equipment, musical instruments of professional products and provide enthusiasts gathering irrigation discs, musical training services(Rudnick,2008). Faces  to about 80 billion a year U.S. musical instrument market, as was the same as BestBuy Mobile implementation, BestBuy and Wal-Mart can share the music game market from now on. However, it has a highly requirement for supply chain management of suppliers. Accordingly, Fender reduced the delivery time for 1 week through outsourcing logistics management company’s entire system of UPS, and also decreased by almost 10% of distribution costs (HREF 3). It not only meets the fast delivery request from BestBuy, but also reduces the total cost ownership of Fender. 4. Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) model in Fender The basic elements of the SCOR model are:4.1 Planning in Fender Supply ChainIn the planning phase, fender first plan resources. They are planning the parts of guitar, the definition of the demand for production and purchase. For special materials, such as the type of wood to a strict screening, different corresponding and various types of woods are produced for different types of guitar series, even take up some wood seasoned for several years, this is a long-term resource planning process. Secondly, Fender’s production team is not only has the professional production skills, but also the production of each staff is professional guitar enthusiasts. In this making planning stage. The need for a clear definition of the design and need to be aware of the guitar development at this stage and clear understand the needs of the consumer. People always say that guitar is a culture, for the designers, the experience of this culture for the guitar production is very important. Thirdly, delivery work in the sales process is particularly important. Fortunately, Fender made strategy with 3PLs which brought a large advantage in the issue of product shipments for them. Faster, reduce costs and ensure security is the best result in the SCOR model implement in Fender. Finally, in the return planning, it can be defined as the return of commodity and return of profit. Fender has developed its product returning of after-sales service system, including maintenance, replacement and the responsibility for risk protection. Fender makes the return of profit have  more capital to develop new sales markets, the design of new products and increase the welfare of employees. Source from Lee Styger, 20094.2 Make to stock & Make to orderWhatever in selling online or retail sales, Fender is trying to maintain adequate stock to meet the needs of customer. Absolutely, in the framework of a reasonable forecast, Push (make to stock) model can help Fender improve sales performance, as well as Fender can rapid response capability. However, over storage, high inventory level will lead to cost increased. In addition, many customer want to buy a special appearance and type guitar from Fender. Therefore, Fender’s Custom Shop was established to meet those needs. They use Pull (make to order) model when customer release the order to them. Design and produce the specifically product to customer. However, it is also has some limited by Pull model, timeless will be a biggest challenge for Fender production line. Thus, keep the necessary raw material by Push model is necessary. This kind of Hybird model still suit for most manufactory companies, such as McDonald’s and vehicle industry. ConclusionsSupply chain is critical for Fender Guitar Company. The manufacturing sector has heavily depends to supply chain management, whatever in its purchase of raw materials, plant location, production planning, warehouse management, transportation, sale of products and customer service. All of these cannot be separated from supply chain management. Obviously, Fender made a good job in its supply chain management. Although there are a few problems still need to optimize by Fender via supply chain development. The recommendation can be included that make risk and cost analysis when Fender want to expand their sale network, because too much retail outlets establishment lead to cost increased. In addition, the accession to join the online shopping business, allowing online orders, online payment, order tracking, such as a series of e-supply chain strategy, so that the fender can be a richer sales model, reduce the cost and time instead of text paper working process, and it also cater the tastes of young people. Absolutely, the new electronic supply chain strategy can also be outsourced to  third-party logistics companies. References Joansson,J2008,http://bsminfo.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=625&Itemid=147, accessed 15/05/2009Li, Y, Yu, J & Xu, L 2006, 3PLs in supply chain management, http://www.globrand.com/2006/18441.shtml, accessed 12/05/2009Rudnick, M 2008, Best Buy, Super-Regional See Major Gains in White Good, http://www.allbusiness.com/company-activities-management/sales-selling-sales/9341175-1.html, accessed 14/05/2009Weng, D 2006, 3PLs-The Breakthrough of Supply Chain Innovation, http://www.globrand.com/2006/40390.shtml, accessed 12/05/2009HREF 1: ww.fender.com, accessed 13/05/2009HREF 2: http://www.fender.com.au/prices.php, accessed 13/05/2009HREF 3: http://www.globrand.com/2009/226020.shtml