Reasons For the failure of disarmament Essay Example

Reasons For the failure of disarmament Essay Do you agree ? Agree that disarmament failed mainly due to the role of America . One of the aims of the League Of Nations (LOON) was to promote disarmament to ensure world peace e. Unfortunately , the US did not join the LOON due to its policy of isolationism . This was a big bal owe to the League which was deprived of the strongest country at that point of time . The us without US , the league was unable to carry out their economic sanctions successfully. In a edition , it had no Amy to carry out military sanctions . Thus although the LOON advocated cool active security, most nations were unwilling to put their national security under the LOON . In f act, Britain and France saw the LOON as a platform to discuss things and did not take things SE rigorously . Therefore the countries had no faith in disarmament and it failed. However there are other reasons for the failure of disarmament . Selfish nation ins that seek to protect their own individual security also led to the failure of disarmament . B retain and France had a huge empire to defend and thus could not afford to disarm , they also f let threatened by unionism Russia and were wary of Germany and Italy becoming a potential threat in Europe. Japan also needed to arm herself to defend against European land grab bibbing Specific . We will write a custom essay sample on Reasons For the failure of disarmament specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reasons For the failure of disarmament specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reasons For the failure of disarmament specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another reason for the failure of disarmament is that ambitious and aggressive eve nations like Japan , Italy were unwilling to disarm because of their desire to expand their e empire and include more territories for various reasons Germany felt that the treaty of v resales had unfairly stripped her of much.

Memory and Memorials

Memory and Memorials Memory and Memorials Memory and Memorials By Mark Nichol This post lists and defines the words derived from the Latin term memor, which means â€Å"mindful of.† Memory means â€Å"the power or process of retaining things experienced or learned† or refers to something, or all the things, so retained. It also pertains to information stored in a device or the capacity for doing so. Something that is significant enough in some way that it can easily be recalled is memorable (the adverbial form is memorably), while the quality or state of being easily recalled or worth recalling is memorability. Memorial is, like memorable, an adjective pertaining to the act of recall, but it most often refers to preserving the memory of an event or person; the word is also a noun referring to an object (often a sculpture or statue) or a place that serves to do so, or a ceremony or a speech honoring a memory. (In the United States, the Memorial Day holiday honors the memory of U.S. soldiers- originally, Union soldiers during the Civil War- who have died in battle.) Someone or something so honored is memorialized, and the action of doing so is memorialization. (A memorialist is someone who signs or writes a memorial.) The Latin phrase â€Å"in memoriam† (literally, â€Å"in memory of†) is used in English, usually in documents such as programs distributed at a memorial for a deceased person, or on gravestones honoring the dead, though the English translation is often employed. Something that helps people remember a person or thing to be honored can also be described as being commemorative; the verb form is commemorate and the action is a commemoration. Memorabilia, in Latin, denoted notable achievements but in English came to merely describe things worth recalling before its meaning shifted to â€Å"things that aid in recalling.† The word usually applies to souvenirs pertaining to popular culture, such as objects commemorating a form of entertainment or an athletic competition. There is no singular form, so a single object might be referred to as â€Å"a piece of memorabilia.† Similarly, a memento is something that serves to remind one of someone or something; the plural is mementos (though mementoes is also common). Memoir usually applies to an autobiography or biography, though it is (rarely) used to refer to a memorandum or a report. A person who writes a biographical memoir is a memoirist or a memorialist. To memorize is to store information in one’s memory; the act is called memorization. To remember is to place or retain information in one’s memory. Remembrance can apply neutrally to any memory, though it usually has the connotation of honoring someone or something. To disremember, meanwhile, is to forget, while to misremember is to have a faulty memory of something. A memorandum (the word is derived directly from the Latin term meaning â€Å"to be remembered†) is a communication, often in written form, that serves as a record or reminder or that advises, directs, or informs; the plural in Latin is memoranda, though in English memorandums is prevalent, and the word is often truncated to memo (plural: memos). The newest word in this family is meme, coined in the mid-1970s on the model of gene and defined by its coiner, scientist Richard Dawkins, as â€Å"a unit of cultural transmission,† often an idea but sometimes a behavior or style. The definition has since extended among laypeople to encompass amusing or interesting images or videos, often accompanied by audio or by written messages, disseminated through social media. The adjectival form is memetic. Member and other words pertaining to a part or a unit are unrelated. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†Used To vs. Use To30 Words Invented by Shakespeare

Analyse the concepts of social inclusion and exclusion

Feodor is a 31 year old man who was born in the Russian Federation. He served as a Russian soldier and saw active duty, in the 1994-6 Chechen war, during which time there was discrimination bombing and shelling of Chechen towns and villages. Feodor has stated that over 250, 000 people of the Russian federation were killed in Chechnya during the collapse of the Soviet Union ‘that was genocide’. He has referred to hostage situations in both Budennovsk and Beslan when hundred died. He has quoted the Russian Premier Putin as stating ‘that the war was over 3 years ago’, Feodor contends that the brutal conflict goes on unabated. As a soldier he say it is no surprise that they (The Russian Army) did what they did, the Chechens gave them no choice. So he has come to the UK seeking asylum, work, a better life, a chance to start again, to escape from the nightmares fear. He is now opposed to the conflict in Chechnya and has expressed his opposition to many people, som e of them with power and some from the army in senior positions in the Russian Federation; he believes that he may be at risk of retribution from the Russians and the Chechens. The Social exclusion unit (SEU 2004) defines social exclusion as shorthand for what can happen when people or areas suffer from a combination of linked problems such as disabilities, unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime environment, bad health and family breakdown. Sayce (2000) described it as the interlocking and mutually compounding problems of impairment, discrimination, diminishing social role, lack of economic and social participation and disability. Also Jermyn (2001) state social exclusion is complex multi-dimensional in the nature and can occur when various linked problems are experienced in combination. Among the factors at play are social status, jobless, lack of opportunities to establish a family, small or non-existent social network, compounding race and other discrimination, repeated rejection and consequent restriction of hope and expectations. Pierson (2002) suggested that social exclusion is a process that deprives individuals and families, groups and neighbourhoods of the resources required for participation in the social, economic and political activity of society as whole. This process is primarily a consequence of poverty and low income, but other factors such as discrimination, low educational attainment and depleted living environment also underpin it. Through this process people are cut off for a significant period in their lives from institutions and services, social networks and developmental opportunities that the great majority of a society enjoys. Dunn (1999) mentions that the largest UK inquiry into the social exclusion and mental health service users appears to take ‘social model of disability’ perspective and while it discusses social exclusion, the key problem it highlights is discrimination. It states that the inquiry panel receives strong and consistent evidence concerning the discrimination of people experiencing a direct result of their own mental health problems. The report also argues that this discrimination can occur in various areas of life. Especially within jobs and education, this makes mental health service users vulnerable to extreme exclusion from virtually every aspect of society. On the other hand, Repper and Perkins (2001) suggest that social inclusion requires equality of opportunity to access and participate in the rudimentary and fundamental functions of society, for example access to health care, employment, education good housing and ultimately recovery of status and meaning and reduced impact of disability. According to Department of Health (2009) social inclusion in mental health services is improved rights to access to the social and economic world. The new opportunities to recovery status and meaning have reduced the impact of disabilities. However (Bates, 2002) stated that everyone, including people who use mental health services, should be able to enjoy a good standard of health, develop their skills and abilities, earn a wage and live a life in the community in safety. Similarly, the National Service Framework Health Standard One (Department of Health, 1999b) demands that all people whose care is managed through the enhanced care programme approa ch should have a plan that addresses their needs for housing, education, employment and leisure. Within this framework, an inclusive mental health services will address basic standards of living issues. According to the Disability Discrimination Act (1995), and the establishment of the new Disability Rights Commission (2004). Social inclusive perspective, including within the antidiscrimination law, equality and human rights, social justices and citizenship, in addition to clinical perspective, it is from this point that pernicious nature of exclusion and the importance of social inclusion for people with mental health problems and those with intellectual disabilities can be most clearly appreciated. In this case Mental Health Professionals have a responsibility in helping people with mental health problems to make sure they become socially included and not socially excluded. In Feodor’s case mentioned earlier in the assignment that he came to UK seeking asylum, work, and better life. Refuges and asylum-seekers experience a higher incidence of mental distress than the wider population (Future Vision Coalition, 2009). The most common diagnose are trauma related psychological distress, depression and anxiety (Crowley, 2003). In which this is the case with Feodor, much of the distress experienced by him is strongly linked to the events that happened in his home town which have led to his departure. However distress occurs when you are unable to cope with pressure there is also strong evidence that Feodor’s mental distress is as a result of the difficult circumstances experienced in the UK. He was a victim of discrimination and social exclusion and this had very big impact on his mental state. Mental health policy (Department of Health, 2005) recognizes that refugees and asylum-seekers are particularly vulnerable and at risk group, however progr essively more restrictive UK asylum policies have had an increasing negative impact on mental health well being (Royal College of Psychiatry, 2007). Asylum-seekers who are unable to provide accommodation for themselves in UK have been sent to different parts of the country on no choice circumstances. This process does not take into account the community support networks, family of friends. However some of these areas in which dispersed asylum-seekers are housed in many cases are deprived areas with multiple social problems and little experience of diverse communities. This has often resulted in social tension and racism towards refuges and asylum-seekers like Feodor and they are much more often victims than the perpetrators of crime (Leff, and Warner, 2006). Refuge Media Action group (2006) states that accommodation provision for asylum-seekers have improved over the last few years but there are still concerns that it can be poor quality and unstable in some areas. Poor housing, as an immediate environmental stressor, therefore, plays a central role in the psychological well-being of residents both at an individual and community level. (The Acheson Report). Asylum-seekers are prohibited from working or undertaking vocational training and currently receive at around 50% of income support, which has been cut from ?42,16 to ?35,13 a week compared to ?67,50 a week for those on employment support allowance and some are being given vouchers instead of cash (Mind, 2009). As a result many are living in poverty they are deprived of the important integration opportunities which employment can provide (Bloch, 2002). However (Leff, and Warner, 2006) suggested that the working environment offers the opportunity of making friends, gives a structure to the day, increases the person’s self-esteem, and provides an income especially for men like Feodor. Asylum-seekers do not have access to learning opportunities, learning is central to economic success and social cohesion. Feodor was disadvantaged educationally, economically and socially. One problem that will be addressed from the care plan that has great impact on Feodor’s is employment. Unemployment is both a key characteristic and a primary economic cause of exclusion and is linked with poverty, social isolation and loss of status and significantly increase disability and impedes recovery (Percy- smith 2000). It reduces opportunities for good life which lead to social exclusion as people cannot afford the basic necessities, decent food, clothing, holidays and social activities. It has been linked with increased general health and mental health problems (Repper and Perkins, 2003) which means that as long as Feodor remains unemployed he will be socially deprived. Asylum-seekers like Feodor are prohibited from working whilst waiting for a final decision on their asylum claim, but finding work is their main priority just after granted status (Bloch, 2002). For this reason the mental health services could be improving with reference to anti-oppressive and discri mination by assisting Feodor to find voluntary work as short term goal, volunteering for charities or community organisation. Voluntary work will help Feodor with the opportunity to grow in confidence, reduce his own social isolation and increase opportunities to improve language skills; it also contribute to career development and work experience (Refugee Council Online). Voluntary will also provide some evidence of motivation to prospective employers, enhancing job-readiness and prevent going rusty. It also provides opportunity for Feodor to become familiar with other local services, gain experiences of working practices in the UK hence help him to integrate in the society. Feodor does not have the right to get paid job, but voluntary work and study will help him to prepare for employment and alleviate the stress of his situation. (Sainsbury Centre, 2008). Even though this might not change his situation much since there is no income that comes under voluntary work. Paid work is th e only route for Feodor to sustained financial independence, (Askonas and Stewart, 2000) work is an important element of the human condition, it helps fulfil our aspiration-it is a key to independence, self-respect and opportunities for advancement. The other things what the mental health service need to do for Feodor is to refer him to vocational rehabilitation for vocational training. Vocational rehabilitation is a process of interventions whereby people with mental health problems or disabilities like Feodor can build up individual capacity to enable himself to the best he can be, achieving better work related outcomes (Waddell et al, 2008). Access to vocational training and education system is crucial for migrants to enable them to adapt their skills and qualifications to the labour market requirement of receiving countries. These services will offer Feodor opportunity to develop confidence, resilience and work skills. Vocational rehabilitation programmes have a greater emphasis on work skills development and on progression towards employment. Employment has been identified as a primary factor in the integration of migrants’ life Feodor into UK (Phillimore et al, 2006). Research also shows that employment is good for our physical and mental health (Waddell and Burton, 2006). Unemployment can damage our health and lead to a range of social problems such as debt and social isolation (Black, 2008). Inability to provide for yourself or to contribute to the society can have negative impact on self esteem, confidence and mental health especially for men like Feodor (Mind, 2009). Being in employment and maintaining social contacts can improve Feodor’s mental health prevent suicide and reduces his reliance on mental health services (SEU, 2004). Employment can also improve Feodor’s quality of life and well being, reduces his social exclusion and poverty (Waddell and Burton, 2006). As stated earlier by (Askonas and Stewart, 2000) that work is an important element of the human condition, it helps fulfil our aspiration-it is a key to independence, self-respect and opportunities for advancement. Employment has a central role in most people’s lives offering beyond that of income but still there are very large and growing numbers of people with mental health illness who are out of work, most of whom want to work (Bond, 2006). They cannot get a job if they have or have had a mental health problem because of the discrimination by employers. This goes on even though it is illegal under the Disability Discrimination Act. A socially inclusion approach includes recovery-oriented practice, an emphasis on social outcomes and participation, and attention to the rights of people with mental ill health, as well as to citizenship, equality and justice, and stigma and discrimination. (Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2009). Genuine social inclusion can only be achieved by valuing the contribution people can make to society. Because somebody has mental health problems does not mean that he or she can not make a contribution to the community. People need to be given information, choice and freedom and the opportunity to make decisions for themselves. Within the professional service, it is important that staff develop an awareness that different individuals have different needs, and service users should be involved in the care. The Department of Health (2000) states that patients should not be seen as mere recipient of care, but should be empowered to work in partnership with their health and social providers. In helping people to build their lives, mental health workers need to address social inclusion at both ethnos and demos (Repper and Perkins, 2003). People need to participate in and feel part of the community in which they live and more likely to be able to take part if the have a right to those things that are valued in their community such as decent housing and job. Social inclusion is not treatment or care alone, this means identifying, recovery and social inclusion as explicit goals and taking the opportunity of policy initiatives both within and outside the mental health arena to work for the reduction of discrimination against service users. The complementary concepts of inclusion and their application to mental health practice, provide a significant new basis for common between multi-disciplinary team and service users. To conclude Mental Health does not exist in isolation a good Mental Health is linked to good physical health and is fundamental to achieve improved education attainment, increased employment opportunities, reduce exclusion and criminality and social participation. REFERENCE LIST BATES, P. (2002). Working for inclusion. London, Sainsbury for mental health Publication. BLOCH, A. (2002). Refugees, opportunities and barriers in employment and training. Department for Work and Pension, Research Report 179. Leeds: Corporate Document Services. BOND, G. R. (2006). Supported Employment: evidence for an evidence-based practice. Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Journal 27, pp. 345-360. CROWLEY, P. (2003). An Exploration of Mental Health Needs of Asylum-seekers in Newcastle, The Tyne, Wear and Northumberland Asylum-seeker health group. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (2000). The expert patient. London: The stationery office. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (2005). Delivering race equality in mental health care: An action plan for reform inside and outside services and the Government’s response to the independent inquiry into the death of David Bennett. Department of Heath (1999) National Service Framework for Mental Health: DH Department of Health (July 2009) New Horizons: Towards a shared vision for mental health consultation: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.dh.gov.uk/en/consultations/liveconsultations/dh_103144 Disability Discrimination Act (1995) Meaning of â€Å"discrimination†. Accessed at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1995/50/section/20 Disability Rights Commission (2004) ‘The Web: Access and inclusion for disabled people’, at: http://joeclark.org/dossiers/DRC-GB.html Dunn, S. (199) Creating Accepting Communities: Report of the Mind Enquiry into Social Exclusion and Mental Health problems. Mind FUTURE VISION COALITION (2009). A future vision for mental health. London. The stationery office. LEFF, J and WARNER, R. (2006) Social Inclusion of People with Mental Illness. PERCY-SMITH, J. (2000). Policy Responses to Social Exclusion: Towards InclusionOpen University Press. Maidenhead. PIERSON, J. (2002) Tackling social exclusion. PHILLIMORE, J., ERGUN, E., GOODSON, L. and HENNESSY, D. (2006). Employability initiatives for refugees in Europe: Looking at, and learning from, good practice. Report for Equal and the Home Office. Birmingham: Centre for Urban and Regional studies, University of Birmingham. REFUGEE COUNCIL ONLINE: Volunteering in Leeds. REFUGEE MEDIA ACTION (2006). Seeking asylum: a report on the living conditions of asylum-seekers in London, Migrants Resource Centre. REPPER, J. and PERKINS, R. (2001). Voting as a means social inclusion for people with mental illness. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 9, pp. 697-703. REPPER, J. and PERKINS, R. (2003) Social Inclusion and Recovery: A Model for Mental Health Practice. Bailliere Tindall Elsevier Science Limited. ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRY, (2007). Improving the lives of people affected by mental illness. ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, (April 2009). Approved by the Central Policy Coordination Committee of the Royal College of Psychiatrists at: http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/social%20inclusion%20position%20statement09.pdf SAYCE, L. (2000). Psychiatric patient to citizen. Overcoming Discrimination and social exclusion. London Macmillan. SAINSBURY CENTRE (2008). Briefing 35: Employment support, mental health and black and minority ethnic communities. London: Sainsbury centre for mental health. SOCIAL EXCLUSION UNIT (2004). Mental Health and Social Exclusion. London: Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. SOCIAL INCLUSION Possibilities and Tensions, (2000). Edited by: PETER, ASKONAS and ANGUS, STEWART. The Acheson Report. (November 1998) Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health. WADDELL, G., BURTON, K. and KENDALL, N. (2008). Vocational Rehabilitation- what works, for whom and whenLondon: TSO. Analyse the concepts of social inclusion and exclusion Feodor is a 31 year old man who was born in the Russian Federation. He served as a Russian soldier and saw active duty, in the 1994-6 Chechen war, during which time there was discrimination bombing and shelling of Chechen towns and villages. Feodor has stated that over 250, 000 people of the Russian federation were killed in Chechnya during the collapse of the Soviet Union ‘that was genocide’. He has referred to hostage situations in both Budennovsk and Beslan when hundred died. He has quoted the Russian Premier Putin as stating ‘that the war was over 3 years ago’, Feodor contends that the brutal conflict goes on unabated. As a soldier he say it is no surprise that they (The Russian Army) did what they did, the Chechens gave them no choice. So he has come to the UK seeking asylum, work, a better life, a chance to start again, to escape from the nightmares fear. He is now opposed to the conflict in Chechnya and has expressed his opposition to many people, som e of them with power and some from the army in senior positions in the Russian Federation; he believes that he may be at risk of retribution from the Russians and the Chechens. The Social exclusion unit (SEU 2004) defines social exclusion as shorthand for what can happen when people or areas suffer from a combination of linked problems such as disabilities, unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime environment, bad health and family breakdown. Sayce (2000) described it as the interlocking and mutually compounding problems of impairment, discrimination, diminishing social role, lack of economic and social participation and disability. Also Jermyn (2001) state social exclusion is complex multi-dimensional in the nature and can occur when various linked problems are experienced in combination. Among the factors at play are social status, jobless, lack of opportunities to establish a family, small or non-existent social network, compounding race and other discrimination, repeated rejection and consequent restriction of hope and expectations. Pierson (2002) suggested that social exclusion is a process that deprives individuals and families, groups and neighbourhoods of the resources required for participation in the social, economic and political activity of society as whole. This process is primarily a consequence of poverty and low income, but other factors such as discrimination, low educational attainment and depleted living environment also underpin it. Through this process people are cut off for a significant period in their lives from institutions and services, social networks and developmental opportunities that the great majority of a society enjoys. Dunn (1999) mentions that the largest UK inquiry into the social exclusion and mental health service users appears to take ‘social model of disability’ perspective and while it discusses social exclusion, the key problem it highlights is discrimination. It states that the inquiry panel receives strong and consistent evidence concerning the discrimination of people experiencing a direct result of their own mental health problems. The report also argues that this discrimination can occur in various areas of life. Especially within jobs and education, this makes mental health service users vulnerable to extreme exclusion from virtually every aspect of society. On the other hand, Repper and Perkins (2001) suggest that social inclusion requires equality of opportunity to access and participate in the rudimentary and fundamental functions of society, for example access to health care, employment, education good housing and ultimately recovery of status and meaning and reduced impact of disability. According to Department of Health (2009) social inclusion in mental health services is improved rights to access to the social and economic world. The new opportunities to recovery status and meaning have reduced the impact of disabilities. However (Bates, 2002) stated that everyone, including people who use mental health services, should be able to enjoy a good standard of health, develop their skills and abilities, earn a wage and live a life in the community in safety. Similarly, the National Service Framework Health Standard One (Department of Health, 1999b) demands that all people whose care is managed through the enhanced care programme approa ch should have a plan that addresses their needs for housing, education, employment and leisure. Within this framework, an inclusive mental health services will address basic standards of living issues. According to the Disability Discrimination Act (1995), and the establishment of the new Disability Rights Commission (2004). Social inclusive perspective, including within the antidiscrimination law, equality and human rights, social justices and citizenship, in addition to clinical perspective, it is from this point that pernicious nature of exclusion and the importance of social inclusion for people with mental health problems and those with intellectual disabilities can be most clearly appreciated. In this case Mental Health Professionals have a responsibility in helping people with mental health problems to make sure they become socially included and not socially excluded. In Feodor’s case mentioned earlier in the assignment that he came to UK seeking asylum, work, and better life. Refuges and asylum-seekers experience a higher incidence of mental distress than the wider population (Future Vision Coalition, 2009). The most common diagnose are trauma related psychological distress, depression and anxiety (Crowley, 2003). In which this is the case with Feodor, much of the distress experienced by him is strongly linked to the events that happened in his home town which have led to his departure. However distress occurs when you are unable to cope with pressure there is also strong evidence that Feodor’s mental distress is as a result of the difficult circumstances experienced in the UK. He was a victim of discrimination and social exclusion and this had very big impact on his mental state. Mental health policy (Department of Health, 2005) recognizes that refugees and asylum-seekers are particularly vulnerable and at risk group, however progr essively more restrictive UK asylum policies have had an increasing negative impact on mental health well being (Royal College of Psychiatry, 2007). Asylum-seekers who are unable to provide accommodation for themselves in UK have been sent to different parts of the country on no choice circumstances. This process does not take into account the community support networks, family of friends. However some of these areas in which dispersed asylum-seekers are housed in many cases are deprived areas with multiple social problems and little experience of diverse communities. This has often resulted in social tension and racism towards refuges and asylum-seekers like Feodor and they are much more often victims than the perpetrators of crime (Leff, and Warner, 2006). Refuge Media Action group (2006) states that accommodation provision for asylum-seekers have improved over the last few years but there are still concerns that it can be poor quality and unstable in some areas. Poor housing, as an immediate environmental stressor, therefore, plays a central role in the psychological well-being of residents both at an individual and community level. (The Acheson Report). Asylum-seekers are prohibited from working or undertaking vocational training and currently receive at around 50% of income support, which has been cut from ?42,16 to ?35,13 a week compared to ?67,50 a week for those on employment support allowance and some are being given vouchers instead of cash (Mind, 2009). As a result many are living in poverty they are deprived of the important integration opportunities which employment can provide (Bloch, 2002). However (Leff, and Warner, 2006) suggested that the working environment offers the opportunity of making friends, gives a structure to the day, increases the person’s self-esteem, and provides an income especially for men like Feodor. Asylum-seekers do not have access to learning opportunities, learning is central to economic success and social cohesion. Feodor was disadvantaged educationally, economically and socially. One problem that will be addressed from the care plan that has great impact on Feodor’s is employment. Unemployment is both a key characteristic and a primary economic cause of exclusion and is linked with poverty, social isolation and loss of status and significantly increase disability and impedes recovery (Percy- smith 2000). It reduces opportunities for good life which lead to social exclusion as people cannot afford the basic necessities, decent food, clothing, holidays and social activities. It has been linked with increased general health and mental health problems (Repper and Perkins, 2003) which means that as long as Feodor remains unemployed he will be socially deprived. Asylum-seekers like Feodor are prohibited from working whilst waiting for a final decision on their asylum claim, but finding work is their main priority just after granted status (Bloch, 2002). For this reason the mental health services could be improving with reference to anti-oppressive and discri mination by assisting Feodor to find voluntary work as short term goal, volunteering for charities or community organisation. Voluntary work will help Feodor with the opportunity to grow in confidence, reduce his own social isolation and increase opportunities to improve language skills; it also contribute to career development and work experience (Refugee Council Online). Voluntary will also provide some evidence of motivation to prospective employers, enhancing job-readiness and prevent going rusty. It also provides opportunity for Feodor to become familiar with other local services, gain experiences of working practices in the UK hence help him to integrate in the society. Feodor does not have the right to get paid job, but voluntary work and study will help him to prepare for employment and alleviate the stress of his situation. (Sainsbury Centre, 2008). Even though this might not change his situation much since there is no income that comes under voluntary work. Paid work is th e only route for Feodor to sustained financial independence, (Askonas and Stewart, 2000) work is an important element of the human condition, it helps fulfil our aspiration-it is a key to independence, self-respect and opportunities for advancement. The other things what the mental health service need to do for Feodor is to refer him to vocational rehabilitation for vocational training. Vocational rehabilitation is a process of interventions whereby people with mental health problems or disabilities like Feodor can build up individual capacity to enable himself to the best he can be, achieving better work related outcomes (Waddell et al, 2008). Access to vocational training and education system is crucial for migrants to enable them to adapt their skills and qualifications to the labour market requirement of receiving countries. These services will offer Feodor opportunity to develop confidence, resilience and work skills. Vocational rehabilitation programmes have a greater emphasis on work skills development and on progression towards employment. Employment has been identified as a primary factor in the integration of migrants’ life Feodor into UK (Phillimore et al, 2006). Research also shows that employment is good for our physical and mental health (Waddell and Burton, 2006). Unemployment can damage our health and lead to a range of social problems such as debt and social isolation (Black, 2008). Inability to provide for yourself or to contribute to the society can have negative impact on self esteem, confidence and mental health especially for men like Feodor (Mind, 2009). Being in employment and maintaining social contacts can improve Feodor’s mental health prevent suicide and reduces his reliance on mental health services (SEU, 2004). Employment can also improve Feodor’s quality of life and well being, reduces his social exclusion and poverty (Waddell and Burton, 2006). As stated earlier by (Askonas and Stewart, 2000) that work is an important element of the human condition, it helps fulfil our aspiration-it is a key to independence, self-respect and opportunities for advancement. Employment has a central role in most people’s lives offering beyond that of income but still there are very large and growing numbers of people with mental health illness who are out of work, most of whom want to work (Bond, 2006). They cannot get a job if they have or have had a mental health problem because of the discrimination by employers. This goes on even though it is illegal under the Disability Discrimination Act. A socially inclusion approach includes recovery-oriented practice, an emphasis on social outcomes and participation, and attention to the rights of people with mental ill health, as well as to citizenship, equality and justice, and stigma and discrimination. (Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2009). Genuine social inclusion can only be achieved by valuing the contribution people can make to society. Because somebody has mental health problems does not mean that he or she can not make a contribution to the community. People need to be given information, choice and freedom and the opportunity to make decisions for themselves. Within the professional service, it is important that staff develop an awareness that different individuals have different needs, and service users should be involved in the care. The Department of Health (2000) states that patients should not be seen as mere recipient of care, but should be empowered to work in partnership with their health and social providers. In helping people to build their lives, mental health workers need to address social inclusion at both ethnos and demos (Repper and Perkins, 2003). People need to participate in and feel part of the community in which they live and more likely to be able to take part if the have a right to those things that are valued in their community such as decent housing and job. Social inclusion is not treatment or care alone, this means identifying, recovery and social inclusion as explicit goals and taking the opportunity of policy initiatives both within and outside the mental health arena to work for the reduction of discrimination against service users. The complementary concepts of inclusion and their application to mental health practice, provide a significant new basis for common between multi-disciplinary team and service users. To conclude Mental Health does not exist in isolation a good Mental Health is linked to good physical health and is fundamental to achieve improved education attainment, increased employment opportunities, reduce exclusion and criminality and social participation. REFERENCE LIST BATES, P. (2002). Working for inclusion. London, Sainsbury for mental health Publication. BLOCH, A. (2002). Refugees, opportunities and barriers in employment and training. Department for Work and Pension, Research Report 179. Leeds: Corporate Document Services. BOND, G. R. (2006). Supported Employment: evidence for an evidence-based practice. Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Journal 27, pp. 345-360. CROWLEY, P. (2003). An Exploration of Mental Health Needs of Asylum-seekers in Newcastle, The Tyne, Wear and Northumberland Asylum-seeker health group. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (2000). The expert patient. London: The stationery office. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (2005). Delivering race equality in mental health care: An action plan for reform inside and outside services and the Government’s response to the independent inquiry into the death of David Bennett. Department of Heath (1999) National Service Framework for Mental Health: DH Department of Health (July 2009) New Horizons: Towards a shared vision for mental health consultation: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.dh.gov.uk/en/consultations/liveconsultations/dh_103144 Disability Discrimination Act (1995) Meaning of â€Å"discrimination†. Accessed at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1995/50/section/20 Disability Rights Commission (2004) ‘The Web: Access and inclusion for disabled people’, at: http://joeclark.org/dossiers/DRC-GB.html Dunn, S. (199) Creating Accepting Communities: Report of the Mind Enquiry into Social Exclusion and Mental Health problems. Mind FUTURE VISION COALITION (2009). A future vision for mental health. London. The stationery office. LEFF, J and WARNER, R. (2006) Social Inclusion of People with Mental Illness. PERCY-SMITH, J. (2000). Policy Responses to Social Exclusion: Towards InclusionOpen University Press. Maidenhead. PIERSON, J. (2002) Tackling social exclusion. PHILLIMORE, J., ERGUN, E., GOODSON, L. and HENNESSY, D. (2006). Employability initiatives for refugees in Europe: Looking at, and learning from, good practice. Report for Equal and the Home Office. Birmingham: Centre for Urban and Regional studies, University of Birmingham. REFUGEE COUNCIL ONLINE: Volunteering in Leeds. REFUGEE MEDIA ACTION (2006). Seeking asylum: a report on the living conditions of asylum-seekers in London, Migrants Resource Centre. REPPER, J. and PERKINS, R. (2001). Voting as a means social inclusion for people with mental illness. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 9, pp. 697-703. REPPER, J. and PERKINS, R. (2003) Social Inclusion and Recovery: A Model for Mental Health Practice. Bailliere Tindall Elsevier Science Limited. ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRY, (2007). Improving the lives of people affected by mental illness. ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, (April 2009). Approved by the Central Policy Coordination Committee of the Royal College of Psychiatrists at: http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/social%20inclusion%20position%20statement09.pdf SAYCE, L. (2000). Psychiatric patient to citizen. Overcoming Discrimination and social exclusion. London Macmillan. SAINSBURY CENTRE (2008). Briefing 35: Employment support, mental health and black and minority ethnic communities. London: Sainsbury centre for mental health. SOCIAL EXCLUSION UNIT (2004). Mental Health and Social Exclusion. London: Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. SOCIAL INCLUSION Possibilities and Tensions, (2000). Edited by: PETER, ASKONAS and ANGUS, STEWART. The Acheson Report. (November 1998) Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health. WADDELL, G., BURTON, K. and KENDALL, N. (2008). Vocational Rehabilitation- what works, for whom and whenLondon: TSO.

Major project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Major project - Research Paper Example Both these organizations advocate rules and policies favoring workers in the US, and play an active political role, mostly favoring the Democratic Party. The recent Economic Crisis of 2008 that shook the economic basis of the US found the Labor Unions a burden. According to some people, the three major automakers of US found it difficult to cope with the changing situations and to compete with their global opponents as a result of the costly labor agreements including pension and health plan. As a result of this poor economic condition, states, especially the ones led by Republican Party like Wisconsin, Ohio, Tennessee, Michigan, and Illinois have introduced bills that would result in salary cuts, and some are planning to restrict the collective bargaining rights the workers enjoyed in the US for about a century. Thus, it becomes evident that the labor unions, despite decades of struggle and violence, seemed to have gained little as the new developments take away most of the freedom they gained over a century. Though polls reveal that most people are against this governmental step, the Democratic Party seems strong in its decision. ... However, it faced eventual collapse due to poor organization. Though there were labor protests even before 1800s, they were poorly coordinated and localized. The first recorded labor union strike took place in 1786 in Philadelphia. It was conducted by printers opposing a wage cut. However, the first major strike that brought the idea of the never ending conflict between workers and business owners was the railway strike in 1877. It was against the Baltimore and Ohio railroad and it spread to the whole of northeast. To curb the violence, troops were called out and using considerable amount of force, the strike was crushed. Throughout their history, the labor unions used ideologies ranging from intimidation, threats, vandalism, and violence, and their history was never peaceful. Another important incident (cited in Foner, 27-37) that deserves to be mentioned is the Haymarket Riot that eventually led to the development of AFL. On 4 May 1886, a labor rally was conducted at the Haymarket Square in Chicago in support of the eight-hour workday. However, the rally turned violent leading to bloody clashes between the agitators and police. The courts had a rough time dealing with the legal status of labor unions. The question was and still is whether these cartels of laborers lawful or not? Do they amount to criminal conspiracies against trade? Are the strikes an expression of the individual right to bargain for lawful employment? One can find a lot of disparity in the issue from the very beginning. To illustrate, as Tomlins (p.128) reports, in the 1806 Commonwealth v. Pullis, the jury convicted the accused unionists of criminal conspiracy. However, as Bennett, Heard and Holland (235) write, in Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842), the Massachusetts

Taxation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Taxation - Research Paper Example Taper Relief: Land: non-business asset Qualifying holding periods: 7 whole years Chargeable gains before taper relief 74,286 Chargeable gains after taper relief @75% 55,714.5 Explanation In the above scenario, the acquisition date is assumed to be 1 November 1998. This entails that there could be no indexation allowance in this scenario because indexation allowance is deducted on gains obtained from disposal of assets that were acquired before April 1998. Because only three acres of land were sold for 80,000, the cost that is subtracted from the acquisition cost is the one that is deductible, as shown in the calculation. The retained or unsold part of the land has not been taken as allowable cost. Because the asset was acquired after 5 April 1998, therefore, it is subject to tamper relief. The qualifying holding period from 1 November 1998 to 14 December 2005 appear to be 7 years and 44 days, however it should only consider whole years, which in this case is 7 yeas. The land is assumed to be a non-business asset and thus the tamper relief is applied @ 75% which reduced the chargeable gains by 25%. D): Disposal Proceeds 6,300 Less: Costs 1,340 Gain before indexation 4,960 Chargeable Gains Nil Explanation Racehorse is a wasting chattel and therefore is always exempted from the calculation of capital gains tax. The gains obtained on a wasting chattel is never included in chargeable gians. No tamper relief has to be calculated because racehorse is already exempted from capital gains tax. E) Because the asset was purchased in May 1971 and held at 31 March 1982, the chargeable gains are to be calculated with the help of 'Rebasing rules': Rebased gain (new...Therefore, the qualifying period will be counted from 6 April 1998. This makes 7 years and 146 days or whole 7 years. It was a non-business asset, therefore the rate for taper relief has been applied at 75%. In the above scenario, the acquisition date is assumed to be 1 November 1998. This entails that there could be no indexation allowance in this scenario because indexation allowance is deducted on gains obtained from disposal of assets that were acquired before April 1998. Because only three acres of land were sold for 80,000, the cost that is subtracted from the acquisition cost is the one that is deductible, as shown in the calculation. The retained or unsold part of the land has not been taken as allowable cost. Because the asset was acquired after 5 April 1998, therefore, it is subject to tamper relief. The qualifying holding period from 1 November 1998 to 14 December 2005 appear to be 7 years and 44 days, however it should only consider whole years, which in this case is 7 yeas. *Indexation allowance for rebasing rules is always based higher of allowable costs before 31 March 1982 (i.e. acquisition cost in the above scenario) and the 31 March 1982 market value. Because of the fact that market value at 31 March 1982 is higher than that of the acquisition cost, 6500 has been taken to calculate indexation allowance. The oil painting was acquired in May 1971, there

The Pros and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana Essay Example for Free

The Pros and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana Essay In 2010 an estimated 443,000 people died prematurely from smoking tobacco or exposure to secondhand smoke, and another 8. 6 million live with a serious illness caused by smoking. Despite these risks, approximately 46. 6 million U. S. adults smoke cigarettes. Alcohol use last year led to 14,406 alcoholic liver disease deaths and 23,199 other alcohol related deaths excluding accidents and homicides. Alcohol Use, 2009) Despite these alarming statistics, these substances remain legal and socially acceptable while marijuana, which has never killed anyone anywhere, is illegal, remains classified as a stage one controlled substance, which likens it to killer drugs such as LSD, and heroin, both so lethal you could die with a single use. Why is it socially acceptable to use substances, which kill thousands a year while a plant that is practically a miracle drug remains portrayed as one of the most dangerous substances, known to man? In this paper, we will look at the pros and cons of legalizing marijuana the financial impact as well as the effects it would have on industry. We will also look at social impact caused by legalizing marijuana can it be socially acceptable. Alcohol and tobacco continually kill people by the thousands and yet remain legal, why then is marijuana, a drug that has never killed a single person still illegal. The declaration of independence and the constitution of the United States of America are written on hemp paper there were even laws on the subject of marijuana before that. America’s first marijuana law was enacted at Jamestown Colony, Virginia in 1619 it ordered all farmers to grow Indian hempseed there were several other must grow laws over the next 200 years. You would be imprisoned for not growing hemp during times of shortage in Virginia between 1763 and 1767, and during that time hemp was legal tender you could even pay your taxes with hemp. The United States Census of 1850 counted 8,327 hemp plantations growing cannabis hemp for cloth, canvas and even the cordage used for baling cotton (Census of population and housing, 1850). The American people have been using marijuana since before we were the mighty nation we are today in fact Americans have been consuming all types of narcotics for many years cocaine and opium used to be available for purchase over the counter. Marijuana is a dry, shredded green and brown mix of flowers, stems, seeds, and leaves derived from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa the main active biochemical in marijuana is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol or THC for short (The National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2010). People have been using marijuana for many different things throughout history it has over a thousand uses from making fabric and ropes to helping sick people regain their appetite yet in our society, it remains illegal. Marijuana is the most commonly used drug. According to the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an estimated 104 million Americans aged 12 or older have tried marijuana at least once in their lifetimes, representing 41. 5% of the U. S. population in that age group (The National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2010). The number of past year marijuana users in 2009 was approximately 28. 5 million (11. 3% of the population aged 12 or older) and the number of past month marijuana users was 16. 7 million (6. 6%). 2 that is a very large percentage of the population. (The National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2010) These numbers clearly show that many people use and seem to like marijuana and with all of this consumption, one would think that there would be at least one reported case of a marijuana-induced fatality but there is none. Marijuana has many uses besides its chemical properties there is even a European organization dedicated to it industrial uses. Industrial hemp has many different uses; we are capable of weaving the fibers into fabric to make clothing, also pressing it into paper, or even a plastic like material that amazingly has ten times the impact strength steel. It would also replace many of the everyday medications we use, it is great for headaches or muscles pain and most upset stomach symptoms. It has also been shown to help alleviate some troubles discomfort that can occur while taking chemotherapy and when living with HIV or AIDS. Â  So much so that pharmaceutical companies have been developing synthetic types of THC hoping to corner the market but since marijuana contains more than just THC the results have not been as operant. Many people use cannabis therapeutically when they are living with HIV or AIDS but there is not enough data to show exactly how they benefit from the cannabis. Another study done using 332 young adult females from Southern New England showed that it could be used to relieve stress and tension caused by menstrual cramps and helped reduce anxiety in some. (De Dios, et al. 2010)All that is known is that it helps them have a better quality of life and that alone should be enough for people to realize that we have been misinformed, marijuana is not all bad it is just extremely misunderstood. If marijuana helps, is worthwhile and requires further examination but given the legal barriers, and the contrasting effects associated with cannabinoids and the fact that the pharmacology of naturally occurring cannabinoids in the human brain is not understood at length. Therefore, the full range of consequences of synthetic cannabinoid or marijuana use cannot be entirely anticipated and should be explored. It is hard to believe that a plant with so much usefulness would not be farmed on a massive level it is very easy to cultivate and it grows with little to no care. There is a bad side to industrializing hemp there would be money and jobs lost by the industries that hemp would replace. The textile companies would lose a lot of their business hemp makes a much stronger fabric that is much cheaper to produce, there would not need to be too many modifications made when it comes to how we farm our textiles if the cotton companies would be willing to convert they could probably do just as well. The pharmaceutical companies stand to lose the most money, the drugs that are their best sellers like antidepressants and cancer treatment drugs. It would also replace most over the counter remedies as well headaches and most stomach problems can be treated with marijuana. When using deontology rather than looking at the consequences of an act, one looks at the reason for which an act is done, and the rule according to which one chooses to act. Deontology does not dismiss that acts have consequences rather; it insists that those consequences should not play a role in our moral evaluation of such acts (Mosser, 2010). If we use a deontologist point of view when accessing the act of a terminally ill patient using marijuana to cope with pain or perhaps gain an appetite there is no question that this is the right thing to do. How about a person using marijuana recreationally it increases your sense but slows your reflexes it is healthier than smoking tobacco or drinking alcohol as long as the person is an adult who is not performing any dangerous procedures they should be fine and this act can be looked at as acceptable. Utilitarianism sometimes called the consequentialist theory because it evaluates whether an act is right or wrong relative to the act’s consequences. (Mosser, 2010) Therefore, utilitarian would look at the overall greater good and make it legal; there are some downsides as far as evenue goes but should money always be the main goal. As cash crop it is worth lots of money it can be used for much more than just it chemical properties it makes great fabric and plastics that have ten times the impact strength of steal. It vastly improves the quality of life for many cancer survivors with marijuana multiple sclerosis suffers a beginning to lead almost normal existences without fear of pain and chemo patients can eat a full meal and gain back the strength needed to survive. Would it be right to deny these people a medicine that can save their lives simply because we see it as social unacceptable? If we look at marijuana use case by case, and judge them using relativism perspective rarely will we find a case were the marijuana use is detrimental to the person using it or the surrounding society (Yacoubian, 2007). In fact, most of the bad acts associated marijuana is in the procurement of it if people had a legal way to get their marijuana, most of the crime would subside because there would no longer be a profit. There has been a comparison study done on our marijuana laws and the marijuana laws in place in the Netherlands. The United States policy towards marijuana is best viewed in two ways: first off is supply reduction, or the reduction and control of the supply of drugs through legal prohibitions, law enforcement, interdiction, sentencing, and incarceration. Secondly is demand reduction, or the reduction of the demand for drugs through education, prevention, and treatment. Yacoubian, 2007) Dutch law states that marijuana is illegal but in 1976, the Netherlands adopted a formal policy of no enforcement for violations involving the possession or sale of up to thirty grams that was later lowered to five grams in 1995 of marijuana this policy is referred to depenalization. By the mid-1980s, another rule allowed small retail outlets to sell marijuana legally this policy is referred to as de facto legalization. The retail stores are required to comply with five codes of practice: 1) sales are limited to no more than five grams per person daily; 2) no hard drugs, such as ecstasy, cocaine, or heroin, can be sold; 3) no advertising is permitted; 4) no nuisances or public disturbances are permitted; and 5) no sales to minors. In the end the findings were very interesting it seems that the increased availability of marijuana in the Netherlands only led to a slight increase in the amount of marijuana users and our laws did very little to curb use or supply (Yacoubian, 2007). So why do we continue to prosecute our people and waste thousands of dollars trying to eradicate a plant with so many pros and so few cons. Our economy is in trouble, at the end of the 2009 fiscal year our deficit came in at a record $1. 42 trillion, more than triple the record set just a year earlier and it is only getting worse. The government spends nearly 7. 7 billion dollars a year prosecuting cases and eradicating marijuana farms even with these efforts there is an estimated black market for marijuana of nearly 100 billion dollars a year. With numbers like these, the government could tax marijuana as it does alcohol and tobacco it and make an additional 6. 2 billion a year in revenues. So again using utilitarian point of view the greatest good for the greatest number is legalize and tax it. The reasons marijuana is not legal today is probably more financial and political than for the reason of keeping the public safe from a dangerous drug. If the government was truly concerned with the overall safety of the public rather than just weather or not something made money tobacco and alcohol would have been made illegal a long time ago. If a utilitarian point of view is used to evaluate whether or not tobacco should be legal based on the information provided here it would be easy to say that tobacco should be illegal it kills not only the people who use it but innocent bystanders (Mosser, 2010). There are not too many arguments for why tobacco should be legal other than that it has always been legal, it relaxes them, and it generates lots of revenue for the government and other businesses. These are not to convincing but the money generated has given the people in charge of these companies’ lots of power and they have used that power to keep marijuana illegal. Political lobbying has been a big problem when it comes to marijuana becoming legal tobacco, pharmaceutical, and alcohol companies have a lot of money and they would lose a substantial amount of their revenue if marijuana became legal. Therefore, they hire a third party to bribe and negotiate with politicians to stop possible injunctions and even have bills introduced to reduce the amount of regulations already in place. Why would the alcohol and tobacco companies want the American citizens using a drug they could grow in their backyard that does not kill you or cause dependency? The reason marijuana is illegal and will remain illegal is greed, plain and simple, the greed of man and the never-ending pursuit of the almighty dollar. The amount of money that corporate America stands to lose if people wake up and begin using marijuana in all the ways it can be is exponential. First off, most pharmaceutical companies will lose their biggest money makers, people would no longer need to use the dangerous psychoactive drugs with side effects that are sometimes worse than the original condition. Next would come all of the textile uses it can make fabric stronger than cotton, grows and process much easier and is cheaper to produce. Then there are the recreational uses why would people continue to use tobacco when it has been proven to kill when they could use something much safer without fear of prosecution. Someday the world will be in the hands of the next generation a generation of informed intelligent people who no longer accept things at face value. We will use ethics the way it is meant to be used to help people not to find ways in which to justify the controls enforced on them. Critical thinking will be put to use to solve the crises caused by years of denial and ignorance we will no longer use unsafe drugs simply because they are considered socially acceptable. Unfortunately, that day may be far away until then we can just hope for the majority of people to wake up and take a look at what the government is saying with it policies on marijuana and their polices on alcohol and tobacco. Do we want money controlling our government this does not maximize our utility the people should control policy not companies. Someday we will outlaw political lobbing and truly punish the corrupt who line their pockets with money from special interest groups who seek less regulations so that they can make a profit. We will no longer endure the injustices perpetrated against us, the sick are being giving drugs that do not really help and in most cases makes things worse. America is a global leader when it comes to human rights yet our citizens sometimes have fewer freedoms than we think. In the constitution, it states every man has the right to the pursuit of happiness for some people, happiness is relaxing with some marijuana and the right to use it should be protected. We know that tobacco and alcohol can kill you we also know that marijuana cannot so maybe it is time that we apply ethics to this issue, do the greatest good for the greatest number, and legalize marijuana.

Essays --

Molar mass is a fundamental and must-know term in chemistry. Anyone who studies chemistry begins the journey with this term. The molar mass of a substance is defined as â€Å"the mass of one mole of any substance where the carbon-12 isotope is assigned a value of exactly 12gmol-1. Its symbol is M. Molar mass is important because of its usefulness in various calculations. To chemistry students, it is a tool to solve many problems and exercises, as molar mass can be used to calculate the mass or the amount of a sample of a certain substance. Obviously, the most popular way to determine a substance’s molar mass is by using its chemical formula. Another way is to use a sample of that substance and calculate from the mass and the amount of substance. However, not many people would think of using titration and back titration to calculate the molar mass of a substance. Titration is the addition of a known-concentration solution, or the titrant, to a known-volume of a solution of unknown concentration, or the analyte, until the reaction reaches the equivalence point, which would be indicated vis...

Comparison Paper 1: Effective Biblical Counseling Essay

The debate over proper models to use in counseling is one that Dr. Larry Crabb focuses on in his book, Effective Biblical Counseling. He explores the relationship that people have with each other as well as with God. Crabb provides the readers with a variety of approaches that can be used with intergrating the word and counseling. Primary Goal Author Lawrence J. Crabb opens by highlighting his prior book, Basic Principles of Biblical Counseling. In his introduction he points out how the problems in the life of Christians begin to surface as they begin to accept a greater fellowship with God and man. With these issues also comes the need for spending more time in the body of Christ. This may often include counseling. The primary goal that Crabb has is with creating a biblical model for counseling that can be integrated into the church. Development of Problems and Personal Needs With people licing out their lives, there comes a time when crisis may occur. Sometime there have been hidden issues within a person’s life for  years, however these issues may not manifest until that person seeks a deeper relationship with God and man. As a person seeks out truth and faithfulness, that person is able to find favour in the sight of God and man. (Proverbs 3:3-5) As the issues are hidden in the heart of man, they may not be able to properly articulate these issues but more importantly they may not have a clear understanding of the proper outlets to use to deal with these issues. Crabb expresses his ideas through stating that Christiaans have a call on their life to be encouragers to others. If as Christians we are not supporting or ministering to others as they go through storms, then we are failing them. A great deal of issues are surrounded by the maturity levels of Christians. As mentioned by Paul, the immature Christian tends to quarrel more while also reacting to their circumstances with negativity. On the other hand, the mature Christian seeks out Christ. As they seek out Christ, they are seeking to worship God and if they fall into trials of sin, they are able to fear the Lord and depart from evil. They are able to get to a place of reconciliation in a quicker way. Biblical Integration One thing that Crabb does is make reference to the Lord and his word. He references Paul as well as he quotes 2 Corinthians in his early chapters. As the book moves forward he continues to build the bridge of the model with the life of the Christian in both theology and pscychology. Formula for Change In making an attempt to integrate the bible with counseling, Crabb proves the read with 4 approaches. These include: separate but equal, tossed salad, nothing buttery and spoiling the Egyptians. With the separate but equal approach, theology and psychology is equal but can never be combined.

How Does the Constitution Guard Form Tyranny? Essay

Imagine being in world where you are forced to wear certain things. Forced to practice the only religion allowed. Imagine not being able to know what you want, when you wanted! The Constitution was made on September 17, 1787 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was made to provide the framework for the U.S. government. It creates things like presidency, the Congress, and the Supreme Court. From May to September of 1787, men known as framers were thinking of how to make this Constitution. How does the Constitution guard from tyranny? Well first off, a tyranny is when a ruler goes a little crazy with the power given to him/her to rule over the country. The Constitution guards it with the Bill of Rights. Without the Constitution, the U.S. would be under tyrannical law. I say this because without the first amendment (which is, in fact, in the Constitution), we wouldn’t have freedom of religion that means that you would have to practice whatever religion the government wanted you to. Without freedom of speech, we would be forced to say what the government wanted us to against our own will, etc. Without the Bill of Rights (which is in the Constitution too), the government could do whatever they wanted whenever they wanted which gives them too much power, which is a tyranny. So again, how does the Constitution guard against tyranny? By giving us human rights that we are allowed to do as a U.S. citizen. In the Constitution, it says that we must have 3 branches of government. Separation of powers. The federal government is separated into 3 branches, Executive, Judicial, and Legislative. Each branch has its own powers. No one can run the government by itself. This protects against tyranny by not allowing 1 person to rule over everything or to have too much power. There are checks and balances that prevent this from happening. Checks and balances prevent tyranny from happening. Each of the branches has its own power and each branch can check on another branch to make sure that they aren’t overpowering. So big decisions, like passing a law, require cooperation of all branches. So if therefore, going back to the main question, â€Å"how does the Constitution guard against tyranny?† the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches block each other from abusing too much power. The Executive can veto legislation and appoint justices. The Legislative is the only one that can make laws and overturn vetoes. The Judicial branch can declare laws and executive actions unconstitutional voiding them. So no one can be too overpowering. Federalism is in the Constitution, because that would be the pursuit of happiness. Federalism is when all the states join together to form a federal government, which has certain powers over the states. The states are not sovereign. It leaves many powers to the states. Thus, if you find too much power in one state, you can move to another. Of course, one mans tyranny is another mans unlighted government, so your mileage may vary. So in my conclusion, the Constitution in fact, DOES prevent tyranny and it gives freedoms and the Constitution is the reason we are who we are today. Sources: http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1316376/posts http://davidsrdg0910.edublogs.org/2011/04/05/how-did-the-constitution-guard-against-tyranny/ http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_constitution_guard_against_tyranny http://collab2.hawthorn73.org/users/zhanjef/weblog/50d07/

Xisa essays

Xisa essays Toto begins to find interest in the opposite sex when he sees a new girl in his school. Toto and Alfredos talks take a turn towards women and love. Something that most fathers talk about with their sons. Alfredo tells Toto the story of a solider who falls in love with a princess. While telling the story, Alfredo doesnt tell Toto what it is supposed to mean or how he can relate it to his own situation. Alfredo leaves him with, And dont ask what it means. I dont know. If you figure it out, you tell me. EThis is for Toto to think on his own, about himself, and about the entire issue of love itself. Without this positive male role model, Toto could have ended up in jail or other serious trouble, but with the guidance of Alfredo he was able to succeed into adulthood. Toto, the main character in the film Cinema Paradiso Eis a lost child who requires the support and guidance of a father, the one thing missing in his life. Growing up in Giancaldo offered him a broad prospective on life and the world around it. With the direction given to him by Alfredo, Toto was able to come out of his young adulthood with knowledge and wits he would have never learned without him. In the end, Alfredo wants Toto to leave Giancaldo in search of a better Elife. I think what Alfredo wants is what he never got, to explore life outside of his hometown. But, for the most part, this hamfisted movie is very enjoyable. Despite his crowding of the film with familiar Italian-character cutouts (screaming parents, admonishing priests, masturbating boys and, yes, even a town idiot), screenwriter/director Tornatore gives these and other cliches an entertaining flow, a certain Mediterranean deliriousness. His excessive spirit is given appropriately sentimental swirl by scorer Ennio Morricone, and comely authority by cinematographer Blasco Giurato, who floods "Paradiso" with exquisite compositions. As the young tyke, Salvat...

Implications of Partisanship in the Congress Essay - 1

Implications of Partisanship in the Congress - Essay Example The role of the Congress in legislation has been affected by some elements particularly the issue of partisanship. The contemporary Congress is now polarized as inspired by such aspects as party loyalty, and policies established by individual parties. As such, there is a heated debate on the possible implications of partisanship on the overall effectiveness of the Congress. In fact, the members have noble responsibilities of passing vital bills into right on behalf of all Americans. Their tendency to engage in a tug of war before a bill is passed into law has been found to affect the timing of the consent of the president. Partisanship has led to the polarization in the Congress as attributed to unique causes, and this had a direct impact on the legislation process calling for improvised models to enhance cooperation among members. Possible Causes of Polarization in the Congress Partisanship has seen polarization in the Congress turn multiplicative in the recent past as attributed to demographic uniformity in congressional districts (Victor, 2012). In our contemporary societies, individuals tend to flock with those who share similar values and perspectives. It turns to birds of the same weather affair. This has been the case in the Senate and the House of the Representatives. This has fueled division among members based on party affiliation. A second element that has seen a rise in polarization in the Congress is the protocol and rules observed during the nomination of congressional candidates. Actually, the same rules are followed in drawing congressional districts.

Carbon footprint estimate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Carbon footprint estimate - Research Paper Example All these average to 8kwh per day in reference to the monthly bill of 240kwh. This translates to 2,880kwh per year, which is generated from coal. According to the Wright, Kemp and Williams (2011), coal, which is the source of electricity in this case, produces about 0.91 Kg of Carbon Dioxide per kWh. Home electricity use therefore contributes 2.62 tons of Carbon per year. Travelling is also a critical contributor to carbon emissions. I commute to and fro a total of 10 Km per day with a public bus that according to Reggiani and Schintler (2005) generates 60g of CO2 for one passenger per Kilometre. From this, perspective, I contribute 0.219tons of CO2 per year through daily commuting. Daily beef consumption is also an important indirect contributor of CO2 among other greenhouse gases emitted by the animals in to the atmosphere. The CO2 is mainly as a result of cultivation, processing and transportation of animal feeds. For example, Rohrer (2007) estimates the CO2 generated to produce 1kg of beef to be 13.3 kg and 0.95 kg for 1 litre of milk. Fruits and vegetables are estimated to contribute 0.7kg of CO2 per kg of food. The daily consumption of 0.5 kg of meat therefore adds up to 2.43 tons of CO2 per year while 0.5 litres per day will contribute 0.173tons of CO2 per year while consumption of 0.5 kg fruits and vegetables per day contributes 0.13 tons of CO2 annually. According to Goodall (2007), natural gas such as methane has been found to contribute 0.23 kg of CO2 per kWh of gas used. Gas has to be used daily for cooking and warming food and I use approximately 8 kWh per day. This translates to 2,928 kWh per year, meaning that 0.67 tons of CO2 are generated through culinary activities in my house, yet some foods such as bread are ready for consumption. Water usage in the house could have been a major contributor to CO2 if measures were not put in place to minimize the number of units used per day.